GO@β-Ag2MoO4 Composite: One-Step Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance against RhB Dye

Abstract

The combination of materials to improve properties of interest has become one of the strategies widely used for numerous applications, including new catalysts, over the last few decades. In this study, silver molybdate (β-Ag₂MoO₄) microcrystals were efficiently obtained by the hydrothermal method, obtaining composites with different amounts of graphene oxide (GO) (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%, w/w) using the conventional hydrothermal method. The incorporation of GO on silver molybdate was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, where the vibrational modes and crystallographic planes characteristic of the materials of interest were highlighted. The images collected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the occurrence of plate-shaped structures (shells) anchored to the surface of the silver molybdate microcrystals (core). The optical properties showed that the materials presented E_gap between 3.34 and 3.39 eV, where the sample with 7.5% of GO (GO@β-AgMo_7.5) was the one that presented energy for the conduction band, largely favorable to the formation of superoxide radicals through the photoexcitation process of electrons. The catalytic tests demonstrated that, among the samples obtained in this study, the sample with 7.5% of GO (GO@β-AgMo_7.5) exhibits superior photocatalytic performance against the dye rhodamine B (RhB) in an aqueous medium. Thus, the kinetics constant for photolysis (absence of catalysts) and for the sample β-AgMo and the sample with 7.5% of GO (GO@β-AgMo_7.5) are 0.38 × 10^–3, 12 × 10^–3, and 23.72 × 10^–3 min^–1, respectively. Therefore, it is 62.5 times more efficient in the degradation of the RhB dye, which confirms the promising photocatalytic properties of the obtained composite.