Regulate the chemical property of the carbon nanospheres layer modified on the surface of sodium metal anode to achieve high-load battery

IF 9.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nano Research Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1007/s12274-024-6935-4

Chuang Li, Xueying Zheng, Minghao Sun, Fei Tian, Danni Lei, Chengxin Wang

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Abstract

The energy density of batteries can be increased by using high-load cathode material matched with sodium (Na) metal anode. However, the large polarization of the battery under such harsh conditions will promote the growth of Na dendrites and side reactions. Carbon materials are regarded as ideal modify layers on Na metal anode to regulate the Na⁺ plating/stripping behavior and inhibit the Na dendrites and side reactions due to their light weight, high stability and structural adjustability. However, commonly used carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers cannot enable these modified Na metal anodes to operate stably in full batteries with a high-load cathode (> 15 mg·cm⁻²). The most fundamental reason is that abundant polar functional groups on the surface bring serious side reactions and agglomerations lead to uneven Na⁺ flow. Here, a proof-of-concept study lies on fabrications of carbon nanospheres with small amount of polar functional groups and sodiophobic components on the surface of Na metal anode, which significantly enhances the uniformity of the Na⁺ plating/stripping. The assembled symmetric battery can cycle stability for 1300 h at 3 mA·cm⁻²/3 mAh·cm⁻². The full battery with high-load Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (30 mg·cm⁻²) maintains a Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% after 100 cycles.

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调节钠金属负极表面改性碳纳米球层的化学性质以实现高负荷电池

使用与钠（Na）金属阳极相匹配的高负载阴极材料可以提高电池的能量密度。然而，在如此苛刻的条件下，电池的极化程度过高会促进 Na 树枝状化合物的生长和副反应。碳材料因其重量轻、稳定性高、结构可调节性强等特点，被认为是钠金属阳极上理想的修饰层，可调节 Na+ 的板结/剥离行为，抑制 Na 树枝状突起和副反应。然而，常用的碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维并不能使这些改性的 Na 金属阳极在高负荷阴极（> 15 mg-cm-2）的完整电池中稳定运行。最根本的原因是表面丰富的极性官能团会带来严重的副反应，团聚会导致 Na+ 流动不均匀。这里的概念验证研究是在 Na 金属负极表面制造带有少量极性官能团和疏水成分的碳纳米球，从而显著提高 Na+ 镀层/剥离的均匀性。组装好的对称电池可在 3 mA-cm-2/3 mAh-cm-2 的条件下稳定循环 1300 小时。装有高负荷 Na3V2(PO4)3 (30 mg-cm-2)的完整电池在循环 100 次后库仑效率保持在 99.7%。

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来源期刊

Nano Research 化学-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

14.30

自引率

11.10%

发文量

2574

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： Nano Research is a peer-reviewed, international and interdisciplinary research journal that focuses on all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It solicits submissions in various topical areas, from basic aspects of nanoscale materials to practical applications. The journal publishes articles on synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of nanomaterials; nanoscale physics, electrical transport, and quantum physics; scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy; nanofluidics; nanosensors; nanoelectronics and molecular electronics; nano-optics, nano-optoelectronics, and nano-photonics; nanomagnetics; nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine; and nanoscale modeling and simulations. Nano Research offers readers a combination of authoritative and comprehensive Reviews, original cutting-edge research in Communication and Full Paper formats. The journal also prioritizes rapid review to ensure prompt publication.