Composition of Organic Matter and Biological Properties of Eroded and Aggraded Soils of a Small Catchment in the Forest-Steppe Zone of the Central Russian Upland
Yu. R. Farkhodov, D. A. Nikitin, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, S. V. Maksimovich, A. R. Ziganshina, I. V. Danilin, V. A. Kholodov, M. V. Semenov, A. P. Zhidkin
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Abstract
The impact of land use and erosion-deposition processes on some physical, chemical, and biological soil properties in a small agricultural catchment in Kursk oblast is analyzed. Plowed Haplic Chernozems and stratozems (Fluvic Chernic Phaeozems (Loamic, Pachic)), as well as unplowed stratozems of a dry valley bottom have been studied. The proportion of large soil aggregates (clods) >10 mm in soils is high on plowed land and low in the dry valley bottom. Differences in the carbon and nitrogen content and in the C/N ratio have not been detected. The analytical pyrolysis has revealed 26 pyrolysates in the composition of soil organic matter (SOM). The relative abundances of pyrrole, pyridine, toluene, and indan among SOM pyrolysates are higher in plowed soils as compared to the soils at the dry valley bottom. Proportions of furfural and methyl furfural among SOM pyrolysates are higher in soils of the dry valley bottom than in plowed soils. Differences in the content of alkanes and phenol are absent. The biomass of microorganisms is mainly formed by fungi (97–99%), and their abundance is greater in soils of the dry valley bottom than in soils of the plowland. Differences in the respiratory activity of the studied soils have not been revealed. The significant influence of erosion-deposition processes and soil cultivation on the spatial heterogeneity of the SOM composition and microbiological parameters is shown. Plowed soils are characterized by the high relative abundance of nitrogen-containing SOM components, while soils at the dry valley bottom have a relatively high abundance of carbohydrate components of mature SOM. The accumulation of fungal biomass and an increase in the structure coefficient in soils of the dry valley bottom indicate the participation of material redeposited from slopes in soil aggregation.
摘要 分析了土地利用和侵蚀沉积过程对库尔斯克州一个小型农业集水区土壤的一些物理、化学和生物特性的影响。研究了干旱谷底已耕地的哈普里克切尔诺泽姆和地层（冲积切尔诺泽姆（Loamic，Pachic）），以及未耕地的地层。土壤中 10 毫米大的土壤团聚体（土块）的比例在耕地上较高，而在干旱谷底较低。碳和氮的含量以及碳/氮比没有发现差异。分析热解发现土壤有机质（SOM）成分中有 26 种热解物。在 SOM 高温分解物中，耕地土壤中吡咯、吡啶、甲苯和茚的相对含量高于干旱谷底土壤。在 SOM 高温分解物中，糠醛和甲基糠醛在干燥谷底土壤中的比例高于耕地土壤。烷烃和苯酚的含量没有差异。微生物的生物量主要由真菌形成（97-99%），干燥谷底土壤中真菌的数量高于耕地土壤。所研究土壤的呼吸活动差异尚未发现。侵蚀沉积过程和土壤耕作对 SOM 组成和微生物参数的空间异质性有重要影响。耕地土壤的特点是含氮 SOM 成分相对较多，而干燥谷底的土壤成熟 SOM 的碳水化合物成分相对较多。干谷底土壤中真菌生物量的积累和结构系数的增加表明，斜坡上重新沉积的物质参与了土壤团聚。
期刊介绍：
Eurasian Soil Science publishes original research papers on global and regional studies discussing both theoretical and experimental problems of genesis, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, management, conservation, and remediation of soils. Special sections are devoted to current news in the life of the International and Russian soil science societies and to the history of soil sciences.
Since 2000, the journal Agricultural Chemistry, the English version of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agrokhimiya, has been merged into the journal Eurasian Soil Science and is no longer published as a separate title.
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