Electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR): towards an active and stable electrocatalyst for low-temperature PEM fuel cell

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Ionics Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI:10.1007/s11581-024-05767-z

K.P. Jithul, B. Tamilarasi, Jay Pandey

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Abstract

Green hydrogen–fueled low-temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have emerged as one of the most attractive technologies for electric-vehicle (EV) applications due to their high efficiency, zero emissions, and potential for renewable energy integration. The performance of the PEM fuel cells is significantly affected by the electrochemical activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. This review comprehensively examines the role of ORR electrocatalysts in PEM fuel cell efficiency for portable, transport, and stationary applications. In this direction, we discuss the fundamentals of PEM fuel cell operation, the critical role of electrocatalysts, and advanced characterization techniques. A detailed overview of ORR electrocatalyst types, including platinum-based, non-noble metal-based, and carbon-supported as well as noncarbon supported, is presented, emphasizing recent advancements in design and synthesis. The review concludes with discussing current challenges and future directions for ORR electrocatalyst development. Understanding the characteristics and recent developments of ORR catalysts is essential for researchers and engineers to optimize the performance and durability of PEM fuel cells, thereby promoting the wider adoption of clean and efficient energy technologies. By providing insights into electrocatalyst characteristics and emerging trends, this work aims to accelerate the adoption of clean and efficient PEM fuel cell technology.

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氧还原反应 (ORR) 的电催化剂：为低温 PEM 燃料电池开发一种活跃而稳定的电催化剂

绿色氢燃料低温质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池因其高效率、零排放和整合可再生能源的潜力，已成为电动汽车（EV）应用领域最具吸引力的技术之一。PEM 燃料电池的性能受到氧还原反应 (ORR) 催化剂电化学活性的显著影响。本综述全面探讨了氧还原反应电催化剂在提高便携式、运输式和固定式 PEM 燃料电池效率方面的作用。在这个方向上，我们讨论了 PEM 燃料电池运行的基本原理、电催化剂的关键作用以及先进的表征技术。文中详细概述了 ORR 电催化剂的类型，包括铂基、非贵金属基、碳支撑和非碳支撑，并强调了设计和合成方面的最新进展。综述最后讨论了 ORR 电催化剂开发目前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。了解 ORR 催化剂的特性和最新发展，对于研究人员和工程师优化 PEM 燃料电池的性能和耐用性，从而促进清洁高效能源技术的广泛应用至关重要。通过深入了解电催化剂的特性和新兴趋势，这项工作旨在加快采用清洁高效的 PEM 燃料电池技术。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ionics 化学-电化学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

427

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Ionics is publishing original results in the fields of science and technology of ionic motion. This includes theoretical, experimental and practical work on electrolytes, electrode, ionic/electronic interfaces, ionic transport aspects of corrosion, galvanic cells, e.g. for thermodynamic and kinetic studies, batteries, fuel cells, sensors and electrochromics. Fast solid ionic conductors are presently providing new opportunities in view of several advantages, in addition to conventional liquid electrolytes.