Electrochemical Production of Zinc Powders from Alkaline Leaching Electrolytes

Abstract

The model described pertains to non-ferrous metal metallurgy, specifically the electrochemical synthesis of high-purity, fine-dispersed zinc powders. The properties of zinc powders obtained via electrolytic methods in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, after leaching the active mass of spent manganese-zinc chemical current sources, have been studied. Cathodic polarization curves during the electrochemical deposition of zinc powders were examined both in steady-state mode and under an ultrasonic field, with the optimal current density set at 5 A/dm². Zinc powder electroextraction was conducted in both stationary mode with a current density of 5 A/dm² and in an ultrasonic field with a current density of 7 A/dm². Optimal parameters such as electrolytic cell voltage, zinc Zn²⁺ ion concentration, and current yield were monitored and determined during electrolysis. Based on the current yield and the concentration of Zn²⁺ ions in the solution, the ultrasonic deposition mode proved to be preferable, with a current yield of 42% compared to 30% in the stationary mode. The zinc powders obtained were examined using an electron microscope, revealing granules of high dispersion. These powders exhibit anticorrosive, electrical, and thermoelectric properties. The physical and chemical characteristics of these zinc powders, derived from the leaching of active masses in spent manganese-zinc current sources, make them suitable for creating light-emitting devices such as lasers and LEDs. Additionally, when alloyed with rare metals, these powders' semiconductor properties broaden their application in the electronics industry.