Apple-Based Farming Systems Improve Production and Rhizosphere Microbiome in The North-West Himalayan Region's Dry Temperate Environment

IF 3.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Himanshu Mehta, Pramod Kumar, N. C. Sharma, Anjali Chauhan, Arun Negi, D. P. Sharma
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Abstract

This research monitored the effect of integrated fruit-based farming system on production and rhizosphere microbiome of apple under dry temperate climate. The study also aims to understand the relationships among soil properties, production parameters and fruit yield of apple trees. Six cropping systems including, apple + pea, apple + kidney beans, apple + barley, apple + maize, apple + buckwheat, apple + garlic and apple monoculture were studied. The cropping systems treatments were cultivated with integrated farming approach, where measurements of the key indicators of productivity and nutrient cycling. Three blocks of district Kinnaur viz., Nichar, Kalpa and Pooh were selected. A representative sample size of five sub-locations with four orchards in each sub-location and six apple-based cropping systems (CS) was collected from each block. The current study also examined the significance of microbial communities on nutrient dynamics and biological cycling on apple in legumes, pulses and millets-based cropping systems. Apple + pea increased plant height, tree girth, canopy diameter, shoot growth, and apple leaf area of trees. Maximum generative traits of trees were recorded for apple + pea and apple + kidney bean cropping systems. Fruit yield in apple + pea was determined higher than apple + buckwheat. Soil pH changed towards neutral. When compared to monoculture, apple + pea cropping system showed an increase in post-harvest soil chemical indicators. Microbial biomass in terms of bacteria, actinobacteria, soil fungi, AM fungi, Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria were also improved. Path analysis revealed a positive direct influence of soil chemical and microbial properties on yield. PCA determined that the first principal component caused maximum cumulative variance of 97.19 per cent. Soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, rhizosphere microbial population and nutrient availability were improved as a consequence of intercropped residues left over after harvest. In this study, apple-based cropping systems significantly improved nutrient dynamics, rhizosphere and microbial biomass due to crop residual management by intercropped companion crops left over in soil. Adoption of apple with pea intercrop has shown significant improvements in yield and soil fertility compared to conventional methods. The study thus concluded that transitioning to cropping systems has positive effects on apple cultivation which can be a viable alternative to conventional farming.

Abstract Image

喜马拉雅山西北部干旱温带环境中的苹果种植系统提高了产量并改善了根瘤微生物组
这项研究监测了以水果为基础的综合农业系统对温带干旱气候条件下苹果产量和根瘤微生物群的影响。研究还旨在了解土壤特性、生产参数和苹果树果实产量之间的关系。研究了六种种植系统,包括苹果+豌豆、苹果+芸豆、苹果+大麦、苹果+玉米、苹果+荞麦、苹果+大蒜和苹果单作。采用综合耕作法种植这些作物系统,并对生产率和养分循环的关键指标进行了测量。研究选取了 Kinnaur 地区的三个区,即 Nichar、Kalpa 和 Pooh。每个区块收集了五个子区块的代表性样本,每个子区块有四个果园和六个以苹果为基础的种植系统(CS)。本研究还考察了微生物群落对豆类、豆类和黍类作物种植系统中苹果养分动态和生物循环的影响。苹果+豌豆增加了植株高度、树围、树冠直径、嫩枝生长和苹果叶面积。苹果+豌豆和苹果+芸豆种植系统的果树生长性状最高。苹果+豌豆的果实产量高于苹果+荞麦。土壤 pH 值趋于中性。与单一种植相比,苹果+豌豆种植系统的收获后土壤化学指标有所增加。细菌、放线菌、土壤真菌、AM 真菌、氮胞杆菌和磷溶解菌等微生物生物量也有所提高。路径分析显示,土壤化学和微生物特性对产量有直接的正向影响。PCA 确定,第一个主成分造成的最大累积方差为 97.19%。土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳、根瘤菌群和养分供应因间作收获后剩余的残留物而得到改善。在这项研究中,由于间作伴生作物在土壤中的残留物管理,以苹果为基础的种植系统显著改善了养分动态、根瘤菌层和微生物生物量。与传统方法相比,采用苹果与豌豆间作的方法显著提高了产量和土壤肥力。因此,研究得出结论,过渡到种植系统对苹果种植有积极影响,可以成为传统耕作的可行替代方法。
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来源期刊
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.30%
发文量
331
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition is an international, peer reviewed journal devoted to publishing original research findings in the areas of soil science, plant nutrition, agriculture and environmental science. Soil sciences submissions may cover physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, mineralogy, ecology, pedology, soil classification and amelioration. Plant nutrition and agriculture submissions may include plant production, physiology and metabolism of plants, plant ecology, diversity and sustainability of agricultural systems, organic and inorganic fertilization in relation to their impact on yields, quality of plants and ecological systems, and agroecosystems studies. Submissions covering soil degradation, environmental pollution, nature conservation, and environmental protection are also welcome. The journal considers for publication original research articles, technical notes, short communication, and reviews (both voluntary and by invitation), and letters to the editor.
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