Effect of Terraces and Rainfall on Water and Soil Loss in Pinus tabulaeformis Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region of China

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecohydrology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1002/eco.2720

Yue Huang, Wei Wei, Shengnan Chen

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Abstract

The Loess Plateau is one of the most severely eroded areas in the world. A series of ecological measures (e.g., terracing, afforestation and reforestation) have been implemented to rehabilitate the environment. However, consecutive field observations are still inadequate regarding the benefits of eco‐measures on erosion reductions. In this study, surface runoff and soil loss were monitored at the plots of Pinus tabulaeformis with two different terraces and natural slope, including fish scale pits with Pinus tabulaeformis (F–P.t), control slope (natural slope) with Pinus tabulaeformis (C–P.t) and zig terraces with Pinus tabulaeformis (Z–P.t) in the growing season of 2015–2021. Results showed that terraces played a key role in reducing water and soil loss compared to natural slopes. The zig terraces had the greatest runoff and soil loss reduction benefits (43.38% and 67.75%, respectively). Maximum runoff and sediment occurred under the rainfall with high intensity and short duration. Runoff depth was better explained by rainfall depth and rainfall duration compared to soil loss rate. Compared with the natural slope, the degree of explanation of multiple regression models for terrace plots dropped to 36.1%–41.2% for runoff depth and declined to 12.7%–19.5% for soil erosion rate. This study revealed that different terracing measures with afforestation can effectively contribute to soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau of China. The combination of zig terraces and P. tabulaeformis is recommended as it has the best potential for improving the micro‐topography, storing rainfall and decreasing soil erosion. These results can help evaluate ecological restoration projects on the Loess Plateau and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of terracing projects in similar areas.

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梯田和降雨对中国半干旱黄土丘陵地区赤松种植园水土流失的影响

黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重的地区之一。为了恢复环境，人们采取了一系列生态措施（如修筑梯田、植树造林和重新造林）。然而，关于生态措施对减少水土流失的益处，连续的实地观测仍然不足。本研究在2015-2021年的生长季节，对两种不同梯田和自然坡度的红松地块进行了地表径流和土壤流失监测，包括红松鱼鳞坑（F-P.t）、红松对照坡（自然坡）（C-P.t）和红松之字梯田（Z-P.t）。结果表明，与自然坡地相比，梯田在减少水土流失方面发挥了关键作用。人字形梯田的径流和土壤流失减少效益最大（分别为 43.38% 和 67.75%）。在降雨强度大、持续时间短的情况下，径流和泥沙最大。与土壤流失率相比，降雨深度和降雨持续时间更能解释径流深度。与自然坡度相比，梯田的多元回归模型对径流深度的解释程度下降到 36.1%-41.2%，对土壤流失率的解释程度下降到 12.7%-19.5%。这项研究表明，不同的梯田措施与植树造林相结合可有效促进中国黄土高原的水土保持。建议将 "之 "字形梯田与红叶石楠相结合，因为它在改善微地形、拦蓄降雨和减少水土流失方面具有最佳潜力。这些结果有助于评估黄土高原的生态恢复项目，并为在类似地区实施梯田项目提供科学依据。

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来源期刊

Ecohydrology 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

7.70%

发文量

116

审稿时长

24 months

期刊介绍： Ecohydrology is an international journal publishing original scientific and review papers that aim to improve understanding of processes at the interface between ecology and hydrology and associated applications related to environmental management. Ecohydrology seeks to increase interdisciplinary insights by placing particular emphasis on interactions and associated feedbacks in both space and time between ecological systems and the hydrological cycle. Research contributions are solicited from disciplines focusing on the physical, ecological, biological, biogeochemical, geomorphological, drainage basin, mathematical and methodological aspects of ecohydrology. Research in both terrestrial and aquatic systems is of interest provided it explicitly links ecological systems and the hydrologic cycle; research such as aquatic ecological, channel engineering, or ecological or hydrological modelling is less appropriate for the journal unless it specifically addresses the criteria above. Manuscripts describing individual case studies are of interest in cases where broader insights are discussed beyond site- and species-specific results.