Laboratory measurements of water saturation effects on the acoustic velocity and attenuation of sand packs in the 1–20 kHz frequency range

IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Hanif S. Sutiyoso, Sourav K. Sahoo, Laurence J. North, Timothy A. Minshull, Ismael Himar Falcon-Suarez, Angus I. Best
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Abstract

We present novel experimental measurements of acoustic velocity and attenuation in unconsolidated sand with water saturation within the sonic (well-log analogue) frequency range of 1–20 kHz. The measurements were conducted on jacketed sand packs with 0.5-m length and 0.069-m diameter using a bespoke acoustic pulse tube (a water-filled, stainless steel, thick-walled tube) under 10 MPa of hydrostatic confining pressure and 0.1 MPa of atmospheric pore pressure. We assess the fluid distribution effect on our measurements through an effective medium rock physics model, using uniform and patchy saturation approaches. Our velocity and attenuation (Q−1) are accurate to ±2.4% and ±5.8%, respectively, based on comparisons with a theoretical transmission coefficient model. Velocity decreases with increasing water saturation up to ∼75% and then increases up to the maximum saturation. The velocity profiles across all four samples show similar values with small differences observed around 70%–90% water saturation, then converging again at maximum saturation. In contrast, the attenuation increases at low saturation, followed by a slight decrease towards maximum saturation. Velocity increases with frequency across all samples, which contrasts with the complex frequency-dependent pattern of attenuation. These results provide valuable insights into understanding elastic wave measurements over a broad frequency spectrum, particularly in the sonic range.

实验室测量水饱和度对 1-20 kHz 频率范围内沙包声速和衰减的影响
我们在 1-20 kHz 的声波(井录模拟)频率范围内,对水饱和未固结砂中的声速和衰减进行了新颖的实验测量。测量是在 10 兆帕静水约束压力和 0.1 兆帕大气孔隙压力下,使用定制的声脉冲管(充水的不锈钢厚壁管)对长度为 0.5 米、直径为 0.069 米的夹套砂包进行的。我们通过有效介质岩石物理模型,采用均匀和斑块饱和方法,评估了流体分布对测量结果的影响。根据与理论传输系数模型的比较,我们的速度和衰减 (Q-1) 分别精确到 ±2.4% 和 ±5.8%。速度随着水饱和度的增加而降低,最高可达 ∼ 75%,然后增加到最大饱和度。所有四个样本的速度曲线都显示出相似的值,在含水饱和度为 70%-90% 之间观察到的差异较小,然后在最大饱和度时又趋于一致。相比之下,衰减在低饱和度时增加,随后在达到最大饱和度时略有下降。所有样本的速度都随频率增加,这与复杂的随频率变化的衰减模式形成鲜明对比。这些结果为理解宽频谱,尤其是声波范围内的弹性波测量提供了宝贵的见解。
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来源期刊
Geophysical Prospecting
Geophysical Prospecting 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
11.50%
发文量
118
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Geophysical Prospecting publishes the best in primary research on the science of geophysics as it applies to the exploration, evaluation and extraction of earth resources. Drawing heavily on contributions from researchers in the oil and mineral exploration industries, the journal has a very practical slant. Although the journal provides a valuable forum for communication among workers in these fields, it is also ideally suited to researchers in academic geophysics.
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