Production and characterization of biodiesel fuel produced from third-generation feedstock

IF 2.6 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Frontiers in Materials Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.3389/fmats.2024.1454120

Suraj Verma, Deepak Sahu, Bader O. Almutairi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, renewable alternative fuel, and it can be obtained from soybean oil, vegetable oils, animal fat, or microalgae. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the production and characterization of microalgae biodiesel utilizing multiple analytical techniques, including CHNSO analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The CHNSO analysis revealed the elemental composition of biodiesel blends, highlighting the effects of TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations on carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content. With increasing TiO2 concentration, a steady increase in the carbon content and a gradual decrease in the nitrogen content were observed. According to the CHNSO analysis, the sulfur content of blended biodiesel was found to be lower than that of fossil diesel, with an empirical formula of CH2.26N0.000584S0.000993O0.0517. FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of biodiesel. Fourier-transform infrared resonance confirmed the presence of ester groups at 1732 cm-1, and a prominent peak at 1,455 cm-1 indicated a higher carbon content in the blended biodiesel. GC–MS analysis identified compounds of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and hydrocarbons. The major components of FAMEs were 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (C19H36O2), linoleic acid ethyl ester (C20H36O2), and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2), with compositions 20.65%, 9.67%, and 6.26%, respectively. The presence of methyl ester in the blended fuel suggests its potential as an alternative fuel source.

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利用第三代原料生产生物柴油燃料的生产和特性分析

生物柴油是一种环保、可再生的替代燃料，它可以从大豆油、植物油、动物脂肪或微藻中获得。本研究利用多种分析技术，包括 CHNSO 分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和质子核磁共振波谱（1H NMR），对微藻生物柴油的生产和表征进行了全面研究。CHNSO 分析揭示了生物柴油混合物的元素组成，突出显示了 TiO2 纳米粒子浓度对碳、氮、硫和氧含量的影响。随着二氧化钛浓度的增加，碳含量稳步上升，氮含量逐渐下降。根据 CHNSO 分析，混合生物柴油的硫含量低于化石柴油，其经验公式为 CH2.26N0.000584S0.000993O0.0517。傅立叶变换红外光谱和 1H NMR 光谱证实了生物柴油的合成。傅立叶变换红外共振证实在 1732 cm-1 处存在酯基，而在 1 455 cm-1 处的突出峰值表明混合生物柴油中的碳含量较高。气相色谱-质谱分析确定了脂肪酸甲酯（FAMEs）和碳氢化合物的化合物。脂肪酸甲酯的主要成分是 9-十八烯酸甲酯（C19H36O2）、亚油酸乙酯（C20H36O2）和十六烷酸甲酯（C17H34O2），含量分别为 20.65%、9.67% 和 6.26%。混合燃料中甲酯的存在表明其具有作为替代燃料来源的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Materials Materials Science-Materials Science (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

6.20%

发文量

749

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Materials is a high visibility journal publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the entire breadth of materials science and engineering. This interdisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers across academia and industry, and the public worldwide. Founded upon a research community driven approach, this Journal provides a balanced and comprehensive offering of Specialty Sections, each of which has a dedicated Editorial Board of leading experts in the respective field.