A fire safety engineering approach to improving community resilience to the impacts of wildfire

IF 2 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Greg Penney, Greg Baker, Andres Valencia, Daniel Gorham
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Abstract

Each year severe wildfires continue to cause significant destruction resulting in the loss of life, property, critical infrastructure, and the environment. In an effort to increase community preparedness and resilience to wildfire, international jurisdictions have adopted both guiding principles and prescriptive codes that apply to both urban planning and fire engineering design of buildings within the wildland–urban interface. These measures are intended to protect occupants, enhance the survivability of structures from different fire exposure mechanisms, and increase the chances of successful firefighting operations. However, research has identified (i) inconsistent approaches to regulation and governance; (ii) limited research on which urban design and building standards are based; and (iii) misaligned or contradictory urban design and building standards. This not only stifles the use of development proposing suitable performance‐based design that could achieve the required outcomes but can increase administrative burdens and development costs without increasing safety. The aim of this current study is to contribute to addressing identified shortfalls by identifying and distilling the last 23 years of research in the field related to (i) the development of evidence‐based performance requirements, and (ii) the application of effective governance arrangements in order to enhance urban design and wildfire engineering practices. These aims are achieved through a systematic literature review. Ultimately, however, of the 608 initial articles captured in the identification phase of the SLR, not a single article provided insight into the most effective regulatory or governance mechanism, and only three provided criteria suitable for adoption as a performance requirement. While the aims of this study were only partially achieved, it does provide a foundation for the field by way of identifying and distilling the current state of practice.
采用消防安全工程方法提高社区抵御野火影响的能力
每年,严重的野火都会造成巨大的破坏,导致生命、财产、重要基础设施和环境的损失。为了提高社区对野火的防备和抵御能力,国际司法管辖区已经通过了适用于城市规划和野地-城市交界处建筑物消防工程设计的指导原则和规范性法规。这些措施旨在保护居住者,提高建筑物在不同火灾机制下的生存能力,并增加灭火行动成功的机会。然而,研究发现:(i) 监管和治理方法不一致;(ii) 城市设计和建筑标准所依据的研究有限;(iii) 城市设计和建筑标准不统一或相互矛盾。这不仅阻碍了采用以性能为基础的适当设计来实现所需的结果,而且会在不增加安全性的情况下增加行政负担和开发成本。目前这项研究的目的是通过识别和提炼该领域过去 23 年来与以下方面相关的研究成果,为解决已发现的不足做出贡献:(i) 制定基于证据的性能要求;(ii) 应用有效的治理安排,以加强城市设计和野火工程实践。这些目标是通过系统的文献综述来实现的。但最终,在 SLR 识别阶段获取的 608 篇初始文章中,没有一篇文章提供了对最有效监管或治理机制的见解,只有三篇文章提供了适合作为性能要求的标准。虽然这项研究的目标只实现了一部分,但它确实通过确定和提炼当前的实践状况,为该领域奠定了基础。
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来源期刊
Fire and Materials
Fire and Materials 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
5.30%
发文量
72
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Fire and Materials is an international journal for scientific and technological communications directed at the fire properties of materials and the products into which they are made. This covers all aspects of the polymer field and the end uses where polymers find application; the important developments in the fields of natural products - wood and cellulosics; non-polymeric materials - metals and ceramics; as well as the chemistry and industrial applications of fire retardant chemicals. Contributions will be particularly welcomed on heat release; properties of combustion products - smoke opacity, toxicity and corrosivity; modelling and testing.
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