Discovering Novel Bioherbicides: The Impact of Hemp-derived Phytocannabinoid Applications on Zea mays L. and Relevant Weeds

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Gesunde Pflanzen Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI:10.1007/s10343-024-01011-w

Michael Merkle, Roland Gerhards

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Abstract

In addition to competition, phytotoxic plant metabolites contribute to the weed-suppressing properties of cover crops, which could be the basis for the development of novel bioherbicides. We investigated the impact of five Cannabis sativa L. -derived neutral phytocannabinoids and an aqueous C. sativa tissue extract (HE) at six concentrations on the germination rate (GR) and seedling root length (RL) of Zea mays L., two monocotyledonous and two dicotyledonous weed species in laboratory Petri dish bioassays. Additionally, the effect of pre-emergence applications of HE, cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) formulations on GR and shoot dry matter (SDM) were examined in greenhouse pot studies. The effects of phytocannabinoids and HE were analyzed in dose-response curves. For the highest rates, the effects on GR, RL and SDM were calculated by ANOVA and HSD test (p < 0.05). HE exhibited the greatest suppression on GR and RL for all plant species in the Petri dish bioassay, with R_{GR, RL} exceeding −90%. Phytocannabinoids reduced mainly RL of all plants and decreased the GR of most weed species. Effects varied among plants and phytocannabinoids, with CBDV and CBD showing similar high inhibitory effects on RL as HE in the Petri dish bioassay. All pre-emergence applications resulted in a positive R_GR across all studied plants and in a positive R_SDM in Z. mays and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, whereas in the other weed species the R_SDM was negative. In conclusion, phytocannabinoids play a major role in weed suppression of HEs. CBDV and CBD are the most promising candidates for bioherbicide development especially against annual dicotyledonous weed species.

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发现新型生物除草剂：大麻提取的植物大麻素应用对玉米和相关杂草的影响

除了竞争之外，植物毒性植物代谢产物也有助于提高覆盖作物的除草效果，这可能是开发新型生物除草剂的基础。我们在实验室培养皿生物测定中研究了五种大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）衍生的中性植物大麻素和六种浓度的水性大麻组织提取物（HE）对玉米（Zea mays L.）、两种单子叶杂草和两种双子叶杂草的发芽率（GR）和幼苗根长（RL）的影响。此外，还在温室盆栽研究中考察了萌芽前施用 HE、大麻二酚（CBD）和大麻二萜（CBDV）制剂对 GR 和芽干物质（SDM）的影响。植物大麻素和 HE 的影响通过剂量反应曲线进行分析。通过方差分析和 HSD 检验（p < 0.05）计算了最高剂量对 GR、RL 和 SDM 的影响。在培养皿生物测定中，HE 对所有植物物种的 GR 和 RL 的抑制作用最大，RGR、RL 超过 -90%。植物大麻素主要降低了所有植物的 RL，并降低了大多数杂草物种的 GR。不同植物和植物大麻素的效果各不相同，在培养皿生物测定中，CBDV 和 CBD 对 RL 的抑制作用与 HE 相似。所有萌芽前施药都会导致所有研究植物的 RGR 为正，Z. mays 和 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv 的 RSDM 为正，而其他杂草物种的 RSDM 为负。总之，植物大麻素在抑制 HEs 杂草方面发挥着重要作用。CBDV 和 CBD 是最有希望开发生物除草剂的候选物质，特别是针对一年生双子叶杂草。

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来源期刊

Gesunde Pflanzen 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

25.80%

发文量

152

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Gesunde Pflanzen publiziert praxisbezogene Beiträge zum Pflanzenschutz in Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau und öffentlichem Grün und seinen Bezügen zum Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutz sowie zu Rechtsfragen. Das Themenspektrum reicht von der Bestimmung der Schadorganismen über Maßnahmen und Verfahren zur Minderung des Befallsrisikos bis hin zur Entwicklung und Anwendung nicht-chemischer und chemischer Bekämpfungsstrategien und -verfahren, aber auch zu Fragen der Auswirkungen des Pflanzenschutzes auf die Umwelt, die Sicherung der Ernährung sowie zu allgemeinen Fragen wie Nutzen und Risiken und zur Entwicklung neuer Technologien. Jedes Heft enthält Originalbeiträge renommierter Wissenschaftler, aktuelle Informationen von Verbänden sowie aus der Industrie, Pressemitteilungen und Personalia. Damit bietet die Zeitschrift vor allem Behörden und Anwendern im Agrarsektor und Verbraucherschutz fundierte Praxisunterstützung auf wissenschaftlichem Niveau.