Bromine-doped carbon dot: concentration-dependent multicolor emission, nanozyme activity, and visible-light-induced photodynamic bacterial inactivation

IF 5.5 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Letters Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1007/s42823-024-00796-0

Suman Nayak, Maansi Aggarwal, Prolay Das

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Abstract

Concentration-dependent multicolor emission is an unusual yet appealing photoluminescence property of various carbonaceous nanomaterials with interesting potential applications. While carbon dots (CDs) are no exception, the predictability and tuning of the microenvironment of CD to make it suitable for displaying concentration-dependent multicolor emission is far from adequately understood. Through the novel synthesis of bromine-doped CDs (Br-CDs) via controlled hydrothermal pyrolysis, we demonstrate the capacity of the same Br-CD to emit intense red (650 nm) as well as blue fluorescence (410 nm) including intermittent colors as a function of concentration and excitation wavelength. The concentration-dependent morphological transition of the Br-CDs was ascertained using electron microscopy shedding light on their optical evolution in response to concentration changes. The phenomenon is validated as being driven by unique rearrangement and surface functionality modulation, which is essentially linked to the concentration of CD in an ensemble. Notably, the synthesized Br-CDs displayed excellent enzyme-mimicking abilities where oxidase-like activity was assessed using a tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate under visible light (LED, 23W), and peroxidase-like activity was evaluated with TMB and H₂O₂ over a wide range of pH and temperature. The visible-light-triggered generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Br-CDs proved to be an effective antibacterial agent demonstrating a significant eradication rate against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A captivating and unusual photophysical phenomenon is exhibited by Br-CD, showcasing their versatile applications in nanozymes and antibacterial interventions where emission color directly links to the activity eliminating the necessity of multiple titrations to determine concentration/units/dosage.

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掺溴碳点：浓度依赖性多色发射、纳米酶活性和可见光诱导的光动力细菌灭活作用

浓度依赖性多色发射是各种碳质纳米材料的一种不寻常而又吸引人的光致发光特性，具有有趣的潜在应用。碳点（CD）也不例外，但人们对碳点微环境的可预测性和调整使其适合显示浓度依赖性多色发射的问题了解甚少。我们通过受控水热热解法合成了掺溴的 CD（Br-CDs），证明了同一种 Br-CD 能够发射强烈的红色（650 纳米）和蓝色荧光（410 纳米），包括随浓度和激发波长变化的间歇性颜色。利用电子显微镜确定了 Br-CD 随浓度变化而发生的形态转变，揭示了它们随浓度变化而发生的光学演变。这一现象被证实是由独特的重排和表面功能调制所驱动的，而重排和表面功能调制本质上与组合中的 CD 浓度有关。值得注意的是，合成的 Br-CD 显示出卓越的酶模拟能力，在可见光（LED，23W）下使用四甲基联苯胺（TMB）底物评估了氧化酶样活性，并在广泛的 pH 值和温度范围内使用 TMB 和 H2O2 评估了过氧化物酶样活性。事实证明，Br-CDs 在可见光触发下产生的活性氧（ROS）是一种有效的抗菌剂，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌都有显著的抑制作用。Br-CD 显示了一种迷人而不寻常的光物理现象，展示了其在纳米酶和抗菌干预方面的多功能应用，其发射颜色与活性直接相关，无需通过多次滴定来确定浓度/单位/剂量。

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来源期刊

Carbon Letters CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

20.00%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： Carbon Letters aims to be a comprehensive journal with complete coverage of carbon materials and carbon-rich molecules. These materials range from, but are not limited to, diamond and graphite through chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon blacks, activated carbons, pyrolytic carbons, glass-like carbons, etc. Papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials from the above mentioned various carbons are within the scope of the journal. Papers on organic substances, including coals, will be considered only if the research has close relation to the resulting carbon materials. Carbon Letters also seeks to keep abreast of new developments in their specialist fields and to unite in finding alternative energy solutions to current issues such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer. The renewable energy basics, energy storage and conversion, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, hydrogen production technology, and other clean energy technologies are also within the scope of the journal. Carbon Letters invites original reports of fundamental research in all branches of the theory and practice of carbon science and technology.