Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Based on d $d$ -dimensional Bell States

Abstract

In this paper, on the design process of a multiparty quantum key agreement protocol within a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space is elaborated upon. A circular-type multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on the generalized Bell state is introduced. To enhance security against external attacks, $n$ decoy states into the transmission process is incorporated. Transmission sequences of the generalized Bell state and decoy states are passed between participants. The participants then encode their secret information into the corresponding particles. Ultimately, all participants are able to derive the same key. In addition, a combination of $d$-dimensional Pauli operators is utilized, making the proposed protocol feasible with current technology. Analysis and protection against intercept-resend attack, entangle-measure attack and dishonest participants attacks, demonstrating the feasibility of the protocol in a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space. The protocol has certain advantages over other protocols in terms of a comprehensive consideration of security and efficiency.