3D Printed Metamaterials for Energy Absorption in Motorsport Applications

IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Rachel Tilley, David Holmes, Edmund Pickering, Maria Woodruff
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Abstract

In this study, various 3D printed metamaterials are investigated for application in energy absorbing structures in motorsports. Impact attenuating structures are used to decelerate vehicles and protect drivers in the event of a crash. Additive manufacturing enables complex plastic structures which can facilitate improved angular resistance and reduced weight and cost compared with traditional approaches. Metamaterials were 3D printed from PLA using commercially available equipment and include gyroid structures, a novel reinforced gyroid design and a lattice designed using finite-element analysis-based topology optimization. Compression testing was used to measure stress–strain response, compressive modulus, and energy absorption. This demonstrated gyroids and reinforced gyroids have ideal compressive behavior for high energy absorption under impact. The topology optimized metamaterial was found unsuitable for this application due to its high stiffness, revealing a weakness in traditional topology optimization approaches which are not catered to maximize energy absorption. The reinforced gyroid demonstrated the highest specific energy absorption and was used to manufacture an impact attenuator which demonstrated the potential to safely stop a hypothetical 300 kg vehicle crash. This work supports that gyroid-based structures can reduce weight, volume and cost over current materials in all motorsport categories, with improved safety from oblique crashes.

Abstract Image

用于赛车运动能量吸收的 3D 打印超材料
本研究调查了各种三维打印超材料在赛车运动吸能结构中的应用。冲击衰减结构用于在发生碰撞时使车辆减速并保护驾驶员。与传统方法相比,增材制造可实现复杂的塑料结构,从而提高角阻力、减轻重量并降低成本。超材料是利用市售设备用聚乳酸三维打印而成的,包括陀螺结构、一种新颖的增强陀螺设计和一种利用基于有限元分析的拓扑优化设计的晶格。压缩测试用于测量应力应变响应、压缩模量和能量吸收。结果表明,陀螺仪和增强陀螺仪具有理想的压缩性能,可在冲击下吸收高能量。拓扑优化超材料因其高硬度而不适合这一应用,这暴露了传统拓扑优化方法的弱点,即无法最大限度地吸收能量。加强型陀螺仪表现出了最高的比能量吸收能力,并被用于制造冲击衰减器,该衰减器表现出了安全阻止假设重达 300 公斤的车辆碰撞的潜力。这项工作证明,在所有赛车类别中,基于陀螺的结构都能比目前的材料减轻重量、减小体积、降低成本,并能提高斜向碰撞的安全性。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Automotive Technology
International Journal of Automotive Technology 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
129
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Automotive Technology has as its objective the publication and dissemination of original research in all fields of AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE and ENGINEERING. It fosters thus the exchange of ideas among researchers in different parts of the world and also among researchers who emphasize different aspects of the foundations and applications of the field. Standing as it does at the cross-roads of Physics, Chemistry, Mechanics, Engineering Design and Materials Sciences, AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY is experiencing considerable growth as a result of recent technological advances. The Journal, by providing an international medium of communication, is encouraging this growth and is encompassing all aspects of the field from thermal engineering, flow analysis, structural analysis, modal analysis, control, vehicular electronics, mechatronis, electro-mechanical engineering, optimum design methods, ITS, and recycling. Interest extends from the basic science to technology applications with analytical, experimental and numerical studies. The emphasis is placed on contributions that appear to be of permanent interest to research workers and engineers in the field. If furthering knowledge in the area of principal concern of the Journal, papers of primary interest to the innovative disciplines of AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE and ENGINEERING may be published. Papers that are merely illustrations of established principles and procedures, even though possibly containing new numerical or experimental data, will generally not be published. When outstanding advances are made in existing areas or when new areas have been developed to a definitive stage, special review articles will be considered by the editors. No length limitations for contributions are set, but only concisely written papers are published. Brief articles are considered on the basis of technical merit.
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