Financial and prosocial rewards differentially enhance cognition in younger and older healthy adults

IF 1.7 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Motivation and Emotion Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1007/s11031-024-10092-z

Nadine Schmidt, Marta Menéndez-Granda, Patric Wyss, Michael Orth, Sebastian Horn, Matthias Kliegel, Jessica Peter

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Abstract

The prospect of a reward can enhance cognitive performance. For younger men financial gains, and for older adults and women prosocial rewards, seem particularly motivating. We therefore investigated whether adding a prosocial component to a financial reward enhanced cognitive performance and, if so, whether this depended on age or sex. We randomly assigned 571 participants to one of three reward types (financial reward, prosocial reward, or a combination of both) in a monetary incentive delay task. We used linear effects modelling to examine effects of age, sex, or reward type on trial accuracy, response time, and total performance. The prospect of a combined financial and prosocial reward increased performance in all participants with the increase of response speed particularly pronounced in younger adults. Only in men, a sole financial reward increased performance. Our study highlights the importance of choosing rewards wisely when designing studies that examine their influence on cognitive performance.

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经济奖励和亲社会奖励可不同程度地提高年轻和年长健康成年人的认知能力

奖励的前景可以提高认知能力。对于年轻男性来说，经济收益，对于老年人和女性来说，亲社会奖励似乎尤其具有激励作用。因此，我们研究了在经济奖励中加入亲社会成分是否会提高认知能力，如果是，这是否取决于年龄或性别。在一项货币激励延迟任务中，我们将 571 名参与者随机分配到三种奖励类型（经济奖励、亲社会奖励或两者的组合）中的一种。我们使用线性效应模型来研究年龄、性别或奖励类型对试验准确性、反应时间和总成绩的影响。经济奖励和亲社会奖励相结合的前景提高了所有参与者的成绩，反应速度的提高在年轻人中尤为明显。只有在男性中，单一的经济奖励才会提高成绩。我们的研究强调了在设计研究以考察奖励对认知表现的影响时，明智选择奖励的重要性。

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来源期刊

Motivation and Emotion Multiple-

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Motivation and Emotion publishes articles on human motivational and emotional phenomena that make theoretical advances by linking empirical findings to underlying processes. Submissions should focus on key problems in motivation and emotion, and, if using non-human participants, should contribute to theories concerning human behavior. Articles should be explanatory rather than merely descriptive, providing the data necessary to understand the origins of motivation and emotion, to explicate why, how, and under what conditions motivational and emotional states change, and to document that these processes are important to human functioning.A range of methodological approaches are welcome, with methodological rigor as the key criterion. Manuscripts that rely exclusively on self-report data are appropriate, but published articles tend to be those that rely on objective measures (e.g., behavioral observations, psychophysiological responses, reaction times, brain activity, and performance or achievement indicators) either singly or combination with self-report data.The journal generally does not publish scale development and validation articles. However, it is open to articles that focus on the post-validation contribution that a new measure can make. Scale development and validation work therefore may be submitted if it is used as a necessary prerequisite to follow-up studies that demonstrate the importance of the new scale in making a theoretical advance.