Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Stearic Acid Modified Sulfated Alginate and Investigation of the Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cell Line

IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Birnur Akkaya, Serkan Kapancık, Recep Akkaya, Nurgül Sarıaydın
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Breast cancer is the type of cancer that causes death in the first place among women in 2022, with a rate of 6.9%. According to the data of the World Health Organization in 2024, 665,684 women died due to breast cancer in 2022. Cancer metastasis is the main reason why people die from cancer. Since changes in proliferation-related gene expression and protein levels that occur as a result of mutations that cause metastasis make cancerous cells more proliferatively aggressive, treatment opportunities remain limited. Sulfatide has the potential to be a p-selectin inhibitor, as it is a p-selectin-binding molecule that has an antimetastatic effect. Sulfatide mimicking material has previously been studied by sulfonation and acylation of chitosan. It was evaluated as an anticancer drug carrier because it did not have cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. In this study, a sulfatide-like molecule was obtained using alginate and it was found to have a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. The compound that is newly synthesized in the presented article is an alternative to the group of sulfatide-like compounds that we have previously studied, which are thought to have an antimetastatic effect. The molecular disruption of the apoptosis mechanism in cancerous tissues leads to the resistance of cancerous cells to apoptosis, which in turn promotes cancer progression. For this reason, cancer studies focus on cell death, that is, apoptosis, as well as on cell proliferation. This study is the first to combine the simultaneous sulfation and acylation of alginate with the addition of magnetism, despite previous research on the sulfation, acylation, and alkylation of alginate (M-SA-SULF-A) and analysed it by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and a mastersizer. Then we aim to examine the effect of newly modified magnetic stearic acid on apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by looking at the expressions of apoptosis-and metastatasis related genes through an array kit, and to reveal the molecular pathways that cause modified alginate’s anti-cancer activity. Thus, we determined that magnetic stearic acid modified sulfated alginate may be an anti-cancer agent by regulating the expression of genes associated with apoptosis.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

磁性硬脂酸改性硫酸化海藻酸盐的合成与表征以及对 MCF-7 细胞系细胞毒性和凋亡的研究
乳腺癌是 2022 年导致妇女死亡的第一大癌症类型,死亡率为 6.9%。根据世界卫生组织 2024 年的数据,2022 年有 665 684 名妇女死于乳腺癌。癌症转移是癌症致死的主要原因。由于导致转移的基因突变会导致与增殖相关的基因表达和蛋白质水平发生变化,从而使癌细胞更具增殖攻击性,因此治疗机会仍然有限。硫肽有可能成为一种 p-选择素抑制剂,因为它是一种具有抗转移作用的 p-选择素结合分子。以前曾通过壳聚糖的磺化和酰化作用研究过硫酰胺模拟材料。由于它对癌细胞没有细胞毒性作用,因此被评估为抗癌药物载体。在这项研究中,利用海藻酸盐获得了一种类似硫化物的分子,并发现它对癌细胞具有细胞毒性作用。本文中新合成的化合物是我们以前研究过的硫化物类化合物的一种替代品,我们认为这类化合物具有抗转移作用。癌组织中凋亡机制的分子破坏导致了癌细胞对凋亡的抵抗,进而促进了癌症的发展。因此,癌症研究在关注细胞凋亡的同时,也关注细胞增殖。尽管之前有关于海藻酸盐硫酸化、酰化和烷基化(M-SA-SULF-A)的研究,但本研究首次将海藻酸盐的硫酸化和酰化同时与添加磁性相结合,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR FT-IR)、振动样品磁力计(VSM)和母液分析仪进行分析。然后,我们旨在通过阵列试剂盒观察凋亡和转移相关基因的表达,研究新改性的磁性硬脂酸对 MCF-7 细胞凋亡的影响,并揭示导致改性海藻酸抗癌活性的分子途径。因此,我们确定磁性硬脂酸修饰硫酸化海藻酸盐可能是一种通过调节与细胞凋亡相关的基因表达来抗癌的药物。
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来源期刊
Journal of Polymers and the Environment
Journal of Polymers and the Environment 工程技术-高分子科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
7.50%
发文量
297
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.
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