{"title":"Microbial loading and self-healing in cementitious materials: A review of immobilisation techniques and materials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113249","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concrete has been a material of choice when it comes to building materials for decades. However, concrete has a number of challenges in which a major challenge being microcracking leading to excess damage and wastes. The development and advancement of self-healing technology throughout the past decade have seen the popular use of immobilization as a way of protecting bacteria from the harsh environments found in cementitious materials. This paper reviews the materials used for immobilization, categorising into organic materials and inorganic materials, and investigates the various immobilization techniques used to immobilize bacteria into polymeric structures and porous materials. The study evaluates the key findings in literature surrounding immobilization materials and methods as well as highlighting possible alternative sustainable materials and methods including waste/by-product resources. It was found that inorganic materials were superior to organic material in terms of self-healing and mechanical properties, with nanomaterials producing the highest crack closure of 1.20 mm. Various immobilization techniques efficiency was tested comparing microencapsulation, vacuum impregnation and adsorption methods. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between carrier materials and cementitious matrix and explore the possible use of nanomaterials as a way of uniformly distributing bacteria in cementitious matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524006245/pdfft?md5=ceaafbaf1f1fa5ec62e77ab9ef865c51&pid=1-s2.0-S0264127524006245-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials & Design","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524006245","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Concrete has been a material of choice when it comes to building materials for decades. However, concrete has a number of challenges in which a major challenge being microcracking leading to excess damage and wastes. The development and advancement of self-healing technology throughout the past decade have seen the popular use of immobilization as a way of protecting bacteria from the harsh environments found in cementitious materials. This paper reviews the materials used for immobilization, categorising into organic materials and inorganic materials, and investigates the various immobilization techniques used to immobilize bacteria into polymeric structures and porous materials. The study evaluates the key findings in literature surrounding immobilization materials and methods as well as highlighting possible alternative sustainable materials and methods including waste/by-product resources. It was found that inorganic materials were superior to organic material in terms of self-healing and mechanical properties, with nanomaterials producing the highest crack closure of 1.20 mm. Various immobilization techniques efficiency was tested comparing microencapsulation, vacuum impregnation and adsorption methods. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between carrier materials and cementitious matrix and explore the possible use of nanomaterials as a way of uniformly distributing bacteria in cementitious matrix.
期刊介绍:
Materials and Design is a multi-disciplinary journal that publishes original research reports, review articles, and express communications. The journal focuses on studying the structure and properties of inorganic and organic materials, advancements in synthesis, processing, characterization, and testing, the design of materials and engineering systems, and their applications in technology. It aims to bring together various aspects of materials science, engineering, physics, and chemistry.
The journal explores themes ranging from materials to design and aims to reveal the connections between natural and artificial materials, as well as experiment and modeling. Manuscripts submitted to Materials and Design should contain elements of discovery and surprise, as they often contribute new insights into the architecture and function of matter.