Nano-armored Wheat: Enhancing Heat Stress Resilience and Yield via Zinc–Salicylic Acid–Chitosan Bionanoconjugates

IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Narender Mohan, Ajay Pal, Vinod Saharan
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Abstract

After the application of Zn–SA–chitosan bionanoconjugates (BNCs), the physio-biochemical responses of two wheat varieties WH-1124 (heat resistant) and WH-542 (heat sensitive) under terminal heat stress(THS) were assessed in the current study. Zn (Zinc) and SA (Salicylic acid) were slowly released by BNCs to maintain nutrient availability for plants.Application of BNCs enhanced wheat production by enhancing seedling emergence, seed vigour index, and cellular redox homeostasis through antioxidant status regulation, enhanced photosynthetic rate, and cellular and osmotic stability which are essential for stress resistance and plant growth. BNCs (0.01–0.16% w/v) administration at booting and anthesis stages fabricated cellular homeostasis by reducing oxidative damage by suppressing malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) restoring proline, and its metabolizing enzymes in flag leaf. Comparing control plants treated with, BNCs (0.08%) considerably slowed the loss of carotenoid and chlorophyll levels in both wheat cultivars. Furthermore, foliar treatment of BNCs boosted the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in both flag leaf and developing grains on exposure of late sown wheat to THS. BNCs (0.08%) not only promoted early maturity but also significantly slowed the plant height reduction from 12.6% in the control group to just 8.7%. Similarly, the reduction in spike length with awns, and grain yield per pot was controlled to just 5.5% from 7.9% in control.Early emergence, vigorous germination, and early flowering by BNCs synergistically helped the wheat plant in mitigating THS and giving better productivity by providing enough time for grain filling.

Abstract Image

纳米装甲小麦:通过锌-水杨酸-壳聚糖仿生共轭物提高抗热应激能力和产量
本研究评估了施用Zn-SA-壳聚糖仿生共轭物(BNCs)后,两个小麦品种WH-1124(耐热)和WH-542(热敏感)在末期热胁迫(THS)下的生理生化反应。BNCs 通过调节抗氧化状态、提高光合速率、增强细胞和渗透稳定性(这对抗逆性和植物生长至关重要)来提高出苗率、种子活力指数和细胞氧化还原平衡,从而提高小麦产量。在发芽和开花阶段施用 BNCs(0.01-0.16% w/v),可通过抑制丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2),恢复脯氨酸及其代谢酶,从而减少氧化损伤,建立细胞平衡。与用 BNCs(0.08%)处理的对照植物相比,这两种小麦品种的类胡萝卜素和叶绿素水平的损失都大大减缓。此外,在晚播小麦暴露于 THS 时,叶面处理 BNCs 提高了旗叶和发育中谷粒中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性。BNCs(0.08%)不仅能促进小麦早熟,还能显著减缓植株高度的降低,从对照组的 12.6% 降至 8.7%。同样,带芒穗长和每盆谷物产量的减少也从对照组的 7.9% 控制到了 5.5%。BNCs 的早出苗、旺盛发芽和提早开花协同作用,帮助小麦植株减轻了 THS 的影响,为谷物灌浆提供了充足的时间,从而提高了产量。
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来源期刊
Journal of Polymers and the Environment
Journal of Polymers and the Environment 工程技术-高分子科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
7.50%
发文量
297
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.
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