Artificial Flexible Sensory Electronics Mimicking Human Somatosensory System

Abstract

Recent advancements in human–machine interfaces (HMIs), the Internet of Things (IoT), healthcare, and robotics have driven the need for technologies facilitating natural and intuitive interactions between users and devices. Central to this development are bio-inspired sensory electronics that emulate the sophisticated structures and functions of human sensory organs. This review comprehensively explores the latest advancements in flexible sensory electronics, which draw inspiration from the human somatosensory system, specifically tactile, auditory, and gustatory organs, to enhance user experiences in various applications. We discuss the underlying biological sensing mechanisms of each sensory organ and provide an overview of the materials, structures, and performances of devices that mimic them. For tactile sensors, we introduce fingertip-skin-inspired interlocked microstructures and mechanoreceptor-inspired multiple transduction modes that enable the detection and discrimination of static and dynamic tactile stimuli. In the auditory domain, we discuss cochlear-inspired acoustic sensors with frequency selectivity that allow for advanced sound processing and manipulation. Finally, artificial taste sensors integrated with taste receptor proteins or mimicking structures closely replicate human taste perception. The application of these human-inspired sensors in user-interactive interfaces, such as haptic-feedback rings for virtual reality, sound-driven robotics, and robotic taste-sensing systems, demonstrates their potential to revolutionize various fields. By understanding and mimicking biological sensory mechanisms, the development of artificial sensory electronics will continue to drive innovation in flexible sensory electronics and enhance user experiences through multimodal sensory integration.