Historical perspectives of critical care in India and worldwide

IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Ujjwala Murkute
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Abstract

This article highlights and describes the important historical developments in critical care medicine worldwide, including India’s initial journey in this field. The concept of critical care is modern; however, its underlying foundations are profound and have their starting point in the work of Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister, who laid the foundation for scientific developments in medicine. The routes of critical care can also be found in the contribution of Florence Nightingale in the 1850s during the Crimean War, which included the concept of separate geographical areas for those who were sicker than others. With the emergence of this concept, the establishment of separate post-operative units, the formation of shock wards, the use of artificial airways and mechanical ventilators, the constant evolution of biomedical technology, etc., further led to advancements in critical care medicine. In India, critical care remained focused on cardiac and respiratory care in its initial days but later expanded to involve other unstable patients. The private sector took the lead in establishing separate critical care units, followed by government teaching hospitals. In the current era, critical care medicine represents tremendous growth in the field of biotechnology, innovative communication approaches, the use of multi-disciplinary approach, and essentially the use of evidence-based practices. Furthermore, the emergence of precision medicine has started influencing treatment choices and healthcare decisions to provide more personalized medical care.

印度和全球重症监护的历史视角
本文重点介绍了全球危重症医学的重要历史发展,包括印度在这一领域的最初历程。危重症护理的概念是现代的,但其深层基础却是深厚的,其起点是伊格纳茨-塞梅尔维斯和约瑟夫-李斯特的工作,他们为医学的科学发展奠定了基础。危重病人护理的起源还可以从弗洛伦斯-南丁格尔在 19 世纪 50 年代克里米亚战争期间所做的贡献中找到,其中包括为那些比其他人病情更严重的人划分不同地理区域的概念。随着这一概念的出现,术后独立病房的建立、休克病房的形成、人工气道和机械呼吸机的使用、生物医学技术的不断发展等,进一步推动了重症医学的进步。在印度,危重症护理最初仍以心脏和呼吸系统护理为主,但后来扩展到其他不稳定的病人。私营部门率先建立了独立的重症监护病房,政府教学医院紧随其后。在当今时代,重症医学在生物技术、创新沟通方式、多学科方法的使用以及循证实践的使用等领域都取得了巨大的发展。此外,精准医学的出现已开始影响治疗选择和医疗决策,从而提供更加个性化的医疗护理。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
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