Extraction and characterisation of sodium alginate from the Southern African seaweed Ecklonia maxima

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI:10.1515/bot-2024-0011

Yuchan Park, Samkelo Malgas, Rui W.M. Krause, Brett I. Pletschke

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Abstract

Ecklonia maxima is an endemic South African seaweed with numerous commercially valuable compounds, including sodium alginate. This polysaccharide contains 1,4-linked β-d-mannuronic (M) and α-l-guluronic acid (G) residues, and has enormous health and food applications and benefits for biomedicine. In this study, acid extraction of sodium alginate from Ecklonia maxima was performed, and its chemical and physical properties were compared with commercial sodium alginate. A yield of 58.7 % (w/w of dry alga) sodium alginate was recovered from the seaweed. As expected, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses of sodium alginate revealed the presence of M and G residues in the polysaccharide. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed an M/G ratio of 1.86 from the extracted sodium alginate. The viscosity average molecular weight of sodium alginate was 429 kDa using the Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation. Three-dimensional conformational analysis by Congo red and CD spectroscopy suggested that sodium alginate exhibits a triple-helix conformation in solution. Furthermore, X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed that the alginate has an amorphous structure. Sodium alginate extracted from E. maxima found on the coasts of Southern Africa exhibits a high mannuronic content and high viscosity, potentially beneficial for drug delivery and biomedical applications.

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从南部非洲海藻 Ecklonia maxima 中提取海藻酸钠并确定其特征

Ecklonia maxima 是南非特有的一种海藻，含有多种具有商业价值的化合物，其中包括海藻酸钠。这种多糖含有 1,4 联结的 β-d-mannuronic (M) 和 α-l-guluronic acid (G) 残基，在保健和食品方面具有巨大的应用价值和生物医学效益。本研究从 Ecklonia maxima 中进行了海藻酸钠的酸提取，并将其化学和物理特性与商用海藻酸钠进行了比较。从海藻中提取的海藻酸钠的产量为 58.7%（按海藻干重计）。不出所料，海藻酸钠的傅立叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振光谱分析显示，多糖中存在 M 和 G 残基。圆二色性（CD）光谱显示提取的海藻酸钠的 M/G 比率为 1.86。根据 Mark-Houwink-Sakurada 方程，海藻酸钠的粘度平均分子量为 429 kDa。通过刚果红光谱和 CD 光谱进行的三维构象分析表明，海藻酸钠在溶液中呈现三螺旋构象。此外，X 射线粉末衍射分析证实海藻酸钠具有无定形结构。从南部非洲海岸发现的 E. maxima 中提取的海藻酸钠具有高甘露糖含量和高粘度，可能有利于药物输送和生物医学应用。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.