{"title":"Geometric phase of a two-level atom near a dielectric nanosphere out of thermal equilibrium","authors":"Ehsan Amooghorban, Sareh Shahidani, Somaye Mohamadi Abdhvand","doi":"10.1103/physreva.110.033710","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We study the geometric phase (GP) of a two-level atom coupled to an environment composed of free space and a dielectric nanosphere in thermal and out of thermal equilibrium. We analytically and numerically analyze the optical properties and loss of the dielectric medium, along with the nonequilibrium effects of the environment on the GP. In the weak coupling limit, we find that the correction to the GP depends on the partial local density of photonic states at the atom position, and an effective parameter that emerges out of the nonequilibrium configuration of the system. The GP exhibits a significant enhancement due to the excitation of evanescent surface waves at its resonance frequency. It is shown that the GP acquired by the atomic system out of thermal equilibrium is always bounded between the thermal-equilibrium counterparts. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the nanosphere and free space can play an important role in the GP only at moderate atomic distances from the nanosphere. Our results elegantly demonstrate properties of the GP near material media that can support phononic modes and pave the way for further research of GP as a resource for quantum computation.","PeriodicalId":20146,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical Review A","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.033710","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Physics and Astronomy","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We study the geometric phase (GP) of a two-level atom coupled to an environment composed of free space and a dielectric nanosphere in thermal and out of thermal equilibrium. We analytically and numerically analyze the optical properties and loss of the dielectric medium, along with the nonequilibrium effects of the environment on the GP. In the weak coupling limit, we find that the correction to the GP depends on the partial local density of photonic states at the atom position, and an effective parameter that emerges out of the nonequilibrium configuration of the system. The GP exhibits a significant enhancement due to the excitation of evanescent surface waves at its resonance frequency. It is shown that the GP acquired by the atomic system out of thermal equilibrium is always bounded between the thermal-equilibrium counterparts. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the nanosphere and free space can play an important role in the GP only at moderate atomic distances from the nanosphere. Our results elegantly demonstrate properties of the GP near material media that can support phononic modes and pave the way for further research of GP as a resource for quantum computation.
我们研究了处于热平衡和非热平衡状态的两级原子与自由空间和介电纳米球组成的环境耦合的几何相(GP)。我们对介电介质的光学特性和损耗,以及环境对 GP 的非平衡效应进行了分析和数值计算。在弱耦合极限下,我们发现对 GP 的修正取决于原子位置处光子态的部分局部密度,以及从系统非平衡构型中产生的有效参数。由于共振频率下的蒸发表面波的激发,GP 呈现出显著的增强。研究表明,原子系统在非热平衡状态下获得的 GP 值总是介于热平衡对应值之间。此外,纳米球与自由空间之间的温差只有在原子与纳米球距离适中时才会对 GP 起重要作用。我们的研究结果优雅地展示了 GP 在支持声子模式的物质介质附近的特性,为进一步研究 GP 作为量子计算资源铺平了道路。
期刊介绍:
Physical Review A (PRA) publishes important developments in the rapidly evolving areas of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics, quantum information, and related fundamental concepts.
PRA covers atomic, molecular, and optical physics, foundations of quantum mechanics, and quantum information, including:
-Fundamental concepts
-Quantum information
-Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics; high-precision measurement
-Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
-Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
-Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
-Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, and classical optics