In Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Metakaolin Composite Photocatalysts Using a Commercial Kaolin

IF 2.4 4区材料科学 Q2 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

Crystals Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI:10.3390/cryst14090793

Balázs Zsirka, Orsolya Fónagy, Veronika Vágvölgyi, Tatjána Juzsakova, Lajos Fodor, Csilla Őze

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Abstract

Kaolin-based graphitic carbon nitride (g-CNx) composite photocatalysts were synthesized from a urea precursor using a commercial kaolin. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the successful thermal polycondensation of g-CNx along the thermal dehydroxylation of kaolinite to metakaolin at 550 °C. The g-CNx content of the composites were estimated by thermogravimetry and CHN analysis, ranging from ca. 87 m/m% to ca. 2 m/m% of dry mass. The addition of kaolin during the composite synthesis was found to have a significant effect: the yield of in situ formed g-CNx drastically decreased (from ca. 4.9 m/m% to 3.8–0.1 m/m%) with increasing kaolin content. CHN and FTIR indicated the presence of nitrogen-rich g-CNx, having a specific surface area of 50 m2/g, which synergistically increased after composite synthesis to 67–82 m2/g. Estimated optical band gaps indicated the affinity to absorb in the visible light spectrum (λ < 413 nm). Photocatalytic activity upon both UV and artificial sunlight irradiation was observed by hydroxyl radical evolution, however, without the synergistic effect expected from the favorable porosity.

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使用商用高岭土原位合成氮化石墨碳/偏高岭土复合光催化剂并确定其特性

研究人员利用一种商用高岭土，以尿素为前驱体合成了高岭土基氮化石墨碳（g-CNx）复合光催化剂。通过 X 射线衍射和红外光谱（FTIR）进行结构表征，验证了 g-CNx 在 550 ℃ 下与高岭石热脱羟基成偏高岭土的过程中成功进行了热缩聚。复合材料中的 g-CNx 含量是通过热重分析和氯化萘分析估算出来的，范围从干质量的约 87 m/m% 到约 2 m/m%。研究发现，在复合材料合成过程中添加高岭土会产生显著影响：随着高岭土含量的增加，原位形成的 g-CNx 产率急剧下降（从约 4.9 m/m% 降至 3.8-0.1 m/m%）。CHN 和傅立叶变换红外光谱表明存在富氮 g-CNx，其比表面积为 50 m2/g，在复合合成后协同增加到 67-82 m2/g。估计的光带隙表明其在可见光光谱（λ < 413 nm）中的吸收亲和力。在紫外线和人造太阳光的照射下，通过羟基自由基的演化观察到了光催化活性，然而，并没有从有利的孔隙率中获得预期的协同效应。

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来源期刊

Crystals CRYSTALLOGRAPHYMATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDIS-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

11.10%

发文量

1527

审稿时长

16.12 days

期刊介绍： Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352) is an open access journal that covers all aspects of crystalline material research. Crystals can act as a reference, and as a publication resource, to the community. It publishes reviews, regular research articles, and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on article length. Full experimental details must be provided to enable the results to be reproduced. Crystals provides a forum for the advancement of our understanding of the nucleation, growth, processing, and characterization of crystalline materials. Their mechanical, chemical, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties, and their diverse applications, are all considered to be of importance.