Adaptive wildfire spread prediction for complex terrain: modeling the effectiveness of sprinkler systems

IF 3.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Jaekyoung Kim, Junghyeon Ahn, Junsuk Kang
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Abstract

Because the threat of wildfires to global ecosystems and society continues to rise, this study provides an experimental simulation framework that assesses the spread and reduction of wildfires to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation methods in reducing their impact. The process entails selecting a vulnerable wildfire area and adaptation method, then generating the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Monitoring data are then used to configure the model, set boundary conditions, and simulate the fire. The effectiveness of the adaptation method in minimizing damage in the area of interest is evaluated by comparing simulations with and without the chosen adaptation method. Our focus area was a natural recreational forest in Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea, and our adaptation method was a water sprinkler system. Our framework provides aims to provide an experimental means of assessing the wildfire spread path and spread area based on exogenous variables of wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and more. The sprinkler adaptation had a reduction effect of 20% in the wildfire spread rate for the 10-h period, which refers to the time limit of the simulation after ignition. We revealed that at higher wind speeds, the fire primarily follows the wind direction; whereas at lower wind speeds, the fire is more influenced by the topography. Additionally, 60 min after ignition, the adaptation methods can suppress wildfire spread by > 70%. Notably, sprinklers reduce smoke concentrations by up to 50% (ppm) over the affected area. This study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of a comprehensive CFD model in mitigating wildfire spread using sprinkler systems as an experimental analysis. Key results include a 20% reduction in wildfire within 10 h of ignition, significant influence of wind speed on spread patterns, and a reduction of smoke concentrations, improving air quality. These findings highlight the potential of CFD-based frameworks to enhance wildfire response strategies. However, it is important to note that this study’s limitations include the lack of experimental or measured fire behavior data, which should be considered when interpreting the effectiveness of the CFD model.
复杂地形的适应性野火蔓延预测:喷灌系统有效性建模
由于野火对全球生态系统和社会的威胁持续上升,本研究提供了一个实验模拟框架,用于评估野火的蔓延和减少,以评估适应方法在减少野火影响方面的有效性。整个过程包括选择易受野火影响的地区和适应方法,然后生成计算流体动力学(CFD)模型。然后利用监测数据配置模型、设置边界条件并模拟火灾。通过比较采用和不采用所选适应方法的模拟结果,评估适应方法在最大限度减少相关区域损失方面的有效性。我们的重点区域是韩国江原道原州的天然休闲森林,适应方法是洒水系统。我们的框架旨在根据风速、风向、相对湿度等外生变量,提供评估野火蔓延路径和蔓延面积的实验方法。在点火后的 10 小时模拟时间内,喷水器的适应性可将野火蔓延率降低 20%。我们发现,在风速较高时,火势主要随风向移动;而在风速较低时,火势受地形的影响更大。此外,在着火 60 分钟后,适应方法可以抑制野火蔓延 70% 以上。值得注意的是,洒水器可将受影响区域的烟雾浓度降低 50%(ppm)。这项研究通过实验分析,证明了综合 CFD 模型在利用喷水灭火系统减缓野火蔓延方面的潜在效果。主要结果包括:点火后 10 小时内野火减少 20%,风速对蔓延模式有显著影响,烟雾浓度降低,空气质量得到改善。这些发现凸显了基于 CFD 的框架在加强野火应对策略方面的潜力。不过,需要注意的是,这项研究的局限性包括缺乏实验或测量的火灾行为数据,在解释 CFD 模型的有效性时应考虑到这一点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Fire Ecology
Fire Ecology ECOLOGY-FORESTRY
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
7.80%
发文量
24
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Fire Ecology is the international scientific journal supported by the Association for Fire Ecology. Fire Ecology publishes peer-reviewed articles on all ecological and management aspects relating to wildland fire. We welcome submissions on topics that include a broad range of research on the ecological relationships of fire to its environment, including, but not limited to: Ecology (physical and biological fire effects, fire regimes, etc.) Social science (geography, sociology, anthropology, etc.) Fuel Fire science and modeling Planning and risk management Law and policy Fire management Inter- or cross-disciplinary fire-related topics Technology transfer products.
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