Tyramine as a possible virulence factor in Melissococcus plutonius

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Apidologie Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1007/s13592-024-01104-5

Gerardo Pérez-Ordóñez, Alejandro Romo-Chacón, David Chávez-Flores, David R. Sepúlveda, Claudio Rios-Velasco, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Carlos H. Acosta-Muñiz

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Abstract

European foulbrood is one of the primary diseases in bee larvae (Apis mellifera). Its causal agent, Melissococcus plutonius, has been classified into three clonal complexes (CC12, CC3, and CC13), showing phenotypic variations among their virulence. The pathogenic mechanisms of the clonal complexes used to kill larvae are not fully understood. Tyramine, a monoamine used by some bacteria to adapt to stress conditions, could be a potential virulence factor of M. plutonius. Therefore, the ability of M. plutonius to produce tyramine was evaluated in this study using biochemical and genetic tools, in addition to the quantification of tyramine by HPLC in each clonal complex. CC12 showed high tyramine production and better adaptability to acidic environments than CC3 and CC13. Additionally, the toxicity of tyramine in bee larvae was evaluated by determining an LD₅₀ of 0.172 mg/mL. These results show the influence that tyramine may have in the first steps of the pathogenicity process of M. plutonius, allowing it to better survive in acidic environments.

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酪胺可能是褐球菌的毒力因子

欧洲恶臭病是蜜蜂幼虫（Apis mellifera）的主要疾病之一。其病原体 Melissococcus plutonius 已被分为三个克隆复合体（CC12、CC3 和 CC13），它们的致病力存在表型差异。克隆复合体用于杀死幼虫的致病机制尚不完全清楚。酪胺是一些细菌用来适应应激条件的单胺，可能是 Plutonius 真菌的潜在致病因子。因此，本研究使用生化和基因工具评估了 Plutonius 真菌产生酪胺的能力，此外还通过 HPLC 对每个克隆复合物中的酪胺进行了定量。与CC3和CC13相比，CC12表现出较高的酪胺产量和对酸性环境更好的适应性。此外，通过测定 0.172 mg/mL 的半数致死剂量，评估了酪胺对蜜蜂幼虫的毒性。这些结果表明，酪胺可能会影响疫霉菌致病过程的第一步，使其能够在酸性环境中更好地生存。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Apidologie 生物-昆虫学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

8.30%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Apidologie is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the biology of insects belonging to the superfamily Apoidea. Its range of coverage includes behavior, ecology, pollination, genetics, physiology, systematics, toxicology and pathology. Also accepted are papers on the rearing, exploitation and practical use of Apoidea and their products, as far as they make a clear contribution to the understanding of bee biology. Apidologie is an official publication of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and Deutscher Imkerbund E.V. (D.I.B.)