Exposure Levels, Health Risks, Spatially Distribution, Multivariate Statistics and Positive Matrix Factorization Model of Heavy Metals from Wild solid Waste Dumpsites

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1007/s11270-024-07441-6

Predrag Ilić, Svetlana Ilić, Abdur Rashid, Zain Mushtaq, Sanja Mrazovac Kurilić, Ljiljana Stojanović Bjelić, Dragana Nešković Markić, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch, Tariq Mehmood, Zahid Ullah, Sobia Riaz

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Abstract

The disposal of waste at wild dumpsites poses significant environmental challenges. This study evaluates heavy metal (HM) contamination in soil around wild dumpsites in Bijeljina-Zvornik, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Forty-five soil samples were analyzed for Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Al. The highest concentrations observed were for Fe (average 9211.96 mg/kg, maximum 33,275.16 mg/kg) and Zn (average 109.76 mg/kg, maximum 1054.24 mg/kg). The highest daily total exposure dose (ADD) for both adults and children was for Fe, with ADDing for children at 7.07E-01 mg/kg/day and for adults at 3.03E-01 mg/kg/day. Hazard quotient (HQ) contributions to non-carcinogenic exposure risk (HI) were 99.93%, 0.02%, and 0.05% for children and 99.23%, 0.07%, and 0.70% for adults. The results suggest acceptable carcinogenic risk, with the highest carcinogenic risk (CR) observed for Cr, at 9.26E-05 for children and 4.67E-05 for adults. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified five contamination sources: geogenic, solid waste leaching, industrial waste, surface runoff, and agricultural practices. This analysis provides insights into the ecosystem risks posed by these metals.

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野生固体废物倾倒场重金属的暴露水平、健康风险、空间分布、多元统计和正矩阵因式分解模型

在野外垃圾堆放场处置废物给环境带来了巨大挑战。本研究评估了波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那塞族共和国 Bijeljina-Zvornik 野生垃圾场周围土壤中的重金属 (HM) 污染情况。对 45 份土壤样本进行了镍、铬、锰、锌、铜、铅、镉、铁和铝的分析。观察到的最高浓度为铁（平均 9211.96 毫克/千克，最高 33275.16 毫克/千克）和锌（平均 109.76 毫克/千克，最高 1054.24 毫克/千克）。成人和儿童每日总暴露剂量（ADD）最高的都是铁，儿童为 7.07E-01 毫克/千克/天，成人为 3.03E-01 毫克/千克/天。危害商数（HQ）对非致癌暴露风险（HI）的贡献率分别为：儿童 99.93%、0.02% 和 0.05%，成人 99.23%、0.07% 和 0.70%。结果表明致癌风险是可以接受的，其中铬的致癌风险（CR）最高，儿童为 9.26E-05，成人为 4.67E-05。正矩阵因式分解（PMF）模型确定了五个污染源：地质污染、固体废物沥滤、工业废物、地表径流和农业实践。这项分析为了解这些金属对生态系统造成的风险提供了启示。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.