Iron Compounds in Steppe Soils of the East-European Plain: Association with Soil Processes, Paleoclimatic Aspects

IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE
V. V. Malyshev, A. O. Alekseev
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Abstract

The total content, forms, and mineralogy of iron compounds in soils of forest-steppe, steppe, and semidesert zones of a large territory from the central chernozem regions to the Caspian lowland and from the Southern Urals to the Kerch Strait are studied. The study covers Chernozems (n = 40), Kastanozems (n = 15), Solonetzes (n = 7), and Calcisols (n = 7). Our results demonstrate the specific features in the distribution of total iron content, mass balance (τFe, Zr), forms of iron compounds, magnetic susceptibility (χ), and mineralogy in soil profiles. The distribution of τFe, Zr in the studied soils reflects the processes and conditions of soil formation, as well as specific lithological features. For a more comprehensive understanding of the transformation of iron compounds in steppe soils, particle-size fractions (<2, 2–5, 5–10, and 10–50 μm) have been analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility methods for Luvic Chernozem, Haplic Kastanozem, Haplic Kastanozem (Endosalic, Cambic), and Luvic Calcisol (Endosalic). In the clay fraction, a large share of Fe3+ is contained in highly dispersed oxides and hydroxides in a superparamagnetic state. In the humus-accumulative horizons of steppe soils, a decrease in the Fe2+ fraction in aluminosilicates caused by weathering is recorded. The observed correlation of the goethite/(hematite + goethite) ratio in humus-accumulative soil horizons with climatic parameters suggests the possibility to apply it for future paleoclimatic reconstructions. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows a significant increase in the content of nonsilicate iron in the humus-accumulative horizons of steppe soils as compared with the soil-forming material, which is an important confirmation for the formation of iron oxides during pedogenesis. A comparison of the methods for assaying nonsilicate iron in soils (Mössbauer spectroscopy and Mehra–Jackson extraction) demonstrates considerable differences in the results, suggesting that the chemical technique underestimates the amount of free iron forms.

Abstract Image

东欧平原草原土壤中的铁化合物:与土壤过程和古气候的关系
摘要 研究了从切尔诺泽姆中部地区到里海低地,以及从乌拉尔南部到刻赤海峡的广大地区的森林-草原、干草原和半荒漠区土壤中铁化合物的总含量、形式和矿物学。研究范围包括切尔诺泽姆(n = 40)、卡斯塔诺泽姆(n = 15)、索洛奈泽(n = 7)和钙质土壤(n = 7)。我们的研究结果表明了土壤剖面中全铁含量、质量平衡(τFe、Zr)、铁化合物形式、磁感应强度(χ)和矿物学分布的具体特征。τFe、Zr 在所研究土壤中的分布反映了土壤形成的过程和条件,以及特定的岩性特征。为了更全面地了解铁化合物在草原土壤中的转化过程,我们采用莫斯鲍尔光谱法和磁感应强度法对卢维克切尔诺泽姆、哈普利克卡斯塔诺泽姆、哈普利克卡斯塔诺泽姆(恩德萨利克、寒武纪)和卢维克钙溶岩(恩德萨利克)的粒度分馏(2、2-5、5-10 和 10-50 μm)进行了分析。在粘土部分,大部分 Fe3+ 以超顺磁性状态存在于高度分散的氧化物和氢氧化物中。在干草原土壤的腐殖质积累层中,铝硅酸盐中的 Fe2+ 部分因风化作用而减少。在腐殖质累积土壤层中观察到的铝硅酸盐/(赤铁矿+铝硅酸盐)比率与气候参数的相关性表明,有可能将其用于未来的古气候重建。莫斯鲍尔光谱法显示,与成土物质相比,草原土壤腐殖质累积层中的非硅酸盐铁含量显著增加,这是在成土过程中形成氧化铁的重要证据。对土壤中非硅酸盐铁的化验方法(莫斯鲍尔光谱法和梅拉-杰克逊萃取法)进行比较后发现,两者的结果差别很大,这表明化学技术低估了游离铁的数量。
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来源期刊
Eurasian Soil Science
Eurasian Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
35.70%
发文量
137
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Eurasian Soil Science publishes original research papers on global and regional studies discussing both theoretical and experimental problems of genesis, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, management, conservation, and remediation of soils. Special sections are devoted to current news in the life of the International and Russian soil science societies and to the history of soil sciences. Since 2000, the journal Agricultural Chemistry, the English version of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agrokhimiya, has been merged into the journal Eurasian Soil Science and is no longer published as a separate title.
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