The ‘Goldilocks Grub’: reproductive responses to leafroller host development in Goniozus jacintae, a parasitoid of the light brown apple moth

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
Emma Aspin, Michael A. Keller, Ian C. W. Hardy
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Many parasitoids alter their reproductive behaviour in response to the quality of encountered hosts. They make adaptive decisions concerning whether to parasitise a potential host, the number of eggs laid on an accepted host, and the allocation of sex to their offspring. Here we present evidence that Goniozus jacintae Farrugia (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a gregarious ectoparasitoid of larval tortricids, adjusts its reproductive response to the size and developmental stage of larvae of the light brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Goniozus jacintae parasitises instars 3–6 of LBAM, but most readily parasitises the later, larger, instars. Brood sizes were bigger on larger hosts and brood sex ratios were female biased (proportion of males = 0.23) with extremely low variance (never >1 male in a brood at emergence), perhaps the most precise of all studied bethylids. Host size did not influence brood development time, which averaged 19.64 days, or the body size of male offspring. However, the size of females was positively correlated with host size and negatively correlated with brood size. The sizes of individual males and females were positively related to the average amount of host resource available to individuals within each brood, suggesting that adult body size is affected by scramble competition among feeding larvae. Average brood sizes were: 3rd instar host, 1.3 (SE ± 0.075); 4th instar, 2.8 (SE ± 0.18); 5th instar, 4.7 (SE ± 0.23); 6th instar, 5.4 (SE ± 0.28). The largest brood size observed was 8 individuals (7 females, 1 male) on the 6th instar of LBAM. These results suggest that later instars would give the highest yield to optimise mass-rearing of G. jacintae if used for augmentative biological pest control.

金发蛴螬":浅褐苹果蠹蛾寄生虫 Goniozus jacintae 对卷叶蛾寄主发育的生殖反应
许多寄生虫会根据宿主的质量改变其繁殖行为。它们会就是否寄生于潜在宿主、在接受的宿主身上产卵的数量以及后代的性别分配做出适应性决定。在这里,我们提出了证据,证明幼虫卷蛾群集的外寄生虫 Goniozus jacintae Farrugia(膜翅目:Bethylidae)会根据浅褐色苹果蠹蛾 Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (鳞翅目:卷蛾科)幼虫的大小和发育阶段调整其生殖反应。Goniozus jacintae 可寄生浅褐苹果蠹蛾的 3-6 代幼虫,但最容易寄生较大的后期幼虫。在较大的寄主上,育雏规模更大,育雏性别比偏向于雌性(雄性比例 = 0.23),方差极小(一雏中从未出现过雄性),这可能是所有研究过的贝类中最精确的。寄主的大小并不影响平均为 19.64 天的育雏时间,也不影响雄性后代的体型。然而,雌虫的体型与寄主体型呈正相关,而与育雏体型呈负相关。雄性和雌性个体的大小与每窝个体平均可获得的寄主资源量呈正相关,这表明成虫的体型受觅食幼虫间争夺竞争的影响。平均育雏规模为第三龄寄主,1.3(SE ± 0.075);第四龄,2.8(SE ± 0.18);第五龄,4.7(SE ± 0.23);第六龄,5.4(SE ± 0.28)。观察到的最大育雏规模是枸杞蛙第 6 龄的 8 个个体(7 雌 1 雄)。这些结果表明,如果用于害虫的生物防治,后期蜕皮的褐飞虱产量最高,可优化褐飞虱的大规模饲养。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
160
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Established in 1910, the internationally recognised Bulletin of Entomological Research aims to further global knowledge of entomology through the generalisation of research findings rather than providing more entomological exceptions. The Bulletin publishes high quality and original research papers, ''critiques'' and review articles concerning insects or other arthropods of economic importance in agriculture, forestry, stored products, biological control, medicine, animal health and natural resource management. The scope of papers addresses the biology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and systematics of individuals and populations, with a particular emphasis upon the major current and emerging pests of agriculture, horticulture and forestry, and vectors of human and animal diseases. This includes the interactions between species (plants, hosts for parasites, natural enemies and whole communities), novel methodological developments, including molecular biology, in an applied context. The Bulletin does not publish the results of pesticide testing or traditional taxonomic revisions.
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