Eco-friendly preparation of V2O5/g-C3N4 nanosheets as efficient high-performance supercapacitor electrode material

Abstract

V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composites including g-C₃N₄ nanosheet carbon have been widely studied to solve challenges such as poor intrinsic electrical conductivity, substantial irreversibility, and exceptional stability. A time-saving hydrothermal autoclave synthesis method was used to fuse V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composite strands. V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composite is a hybrid nanoparticle with important properties for the electrode of a supercapacitor that has been studied and published. The phase structure, space group, and crystallite size of nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak examination. The resulting materials are analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average crystalline diameters of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅), and V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composites are 28 nm, 16 nm, and 12 nm, respectively. FESEM determines the distribution of V₂O₅ throughout the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets. XPS detects the elements present in the composite, confirming the presence of V, O, C, and N. The V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ composite provides insights into the surface chemistry and probable interactions between V₂O₅ and g-C₃N₄. V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ nanoparticles have a specific capacitance of 286.54 F/g and are estimated at 2 A/g using the galvanostatic charge–discharge technique, which provides superior stability even after 3000 charge/discharge cycles. Their remarkable performance is due to the synergistic impact of g-C₃N₄ and V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄. Such outstanding results may open up new possibilities for these electrode materials in high-energy–density storage devices. The composites also showed high cycle stability due to the peculiar structure of the V₂O₅ and synergy with g-C₃N₄.