{"title":"Understanding the failure mechanisms of the 2017 Santa Lucía landslide, Patagonian Andes, using remote sensing and 3D numerical modelling techniques","authors":"Jaspreet Singh, Sergio A. Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02346-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The occurrences of large rock slides often result in catastrophic debris flow within high mountain environments. Discontinuity intersected blocks meeting kinematic conditions stemming from deglaciation-related damage can be triggered by external factors, leading to massive rock slides with a significant downstream hazard. This study presents a comprehensive analysis underlining the mechanism and evolution of the failure during the 2017 Santa Lucía landslide, Patagonian Andes, Chile, utilizing remote sensing and numerical modelling. Due to the remote location, aerial photogrammetry was used to unravel the structural and geomorphological configuration, and four discontinuity sets were identified. Based on colour-shaded relief and slope kinematic analysis, it was found that the failure is governed by combinations of three different discontinuity sets. The failure in the crown portion is complex due to resulting planar and wedge surfaces, whereas in the toe region, the failure is governed by the wedge formation between bedding and other joint set. To further examine its mechanism and evolution, rigid block numerical models were developed in 3DEC to reproduce the failure with real topography and joint parameters. The maximum displacement was observed in the same topographical region where the actual failure occurred, thus conforming to the role of discontinuities in the evolution of the catastrophic failure. Acting on a reduced strength due to rock damage, the modelled slope boosts the instability leading to higher displacements along bonding surfaces with similar attributes as observed in the field. A detailed methodology is discussed regarding coupling remote sensing and 3D numerical modelling for detailed insights into the failure mechanism of the landslides. Overall, our results demonstrate that the Santa Lucía rock slide is a structurally controlled failure where joints provided kinematic freedom, favoured by long-term rock slope damage due to deglaciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Landslides","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02346-1","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The occurrences of large rock slides often result in catastrophic debris flow within high mountain environments. Discontinuity intersected blocks meeting kinematic conditions stemming from deglaciation-related damage can be triggered by external factors, leading to massive rock slides with a significant downstream hazard. This study presents a comprehensive analysis underlining the mechanism and evolution of the failure during the 2017 Santa Lucía landslide, Patagonian Andes, Chile, utilizing remote sensing and numerical modelling. Due to the remote location, aerial photogrammetry was used to unravel the structural and geomorphological configuration, and four discontinuity sets were identified. Based on colour-shaded relief and slope kinematic analysis, it was found that the failure is governed by combinations of three different discontinuity sets. The failure in the crown portion is complex due to resulting planar and wedge surfaces, whereas in the toe region, the failure is governed by the wedge formation between bedding and other joint set. To further examine its mechanism and evolution, rigid block numerical models were developed in 3DEC to reproduce the failure with real topography and joint parameters. The maximum displacement was observed in the same topographical region where the actual failure occurred, thus conforming to the role of discontinuities in the evolution of the catastrophic failure. Acting on a reduced strength due to rock damage, the modelled slope boosts the instability leading to higher displacements along bonding surfaces with similar attributes as observed in the field. A detailed methodology is discussed regarding coupling remote sensing and 3D numerical modelling for detailed insights into the failure mechanism of the landslides. Overall, our results demonstrate that the Santa Lucía rock slide is a structurally controlled failure where joints provided kinematic freedom, favoured by long-term rock slope damage due to deglaciation.
期刊介绍：
Landslides are gravitational mass movements of rock, debris or earth. They may occur in conjunction with other major natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Expanding urbanization and changing land-use practices have increased the incidence of landslide disasters. Landslides as catastrophic events include human injury, loss of life and economic devastation and are studied as part of the fields of earth, water and engineering sciences. The aim of the journal Landslides is to be the common platform for the publication of integrated research on landslide processes, hazards, risk analysis, mitigation, and the protection of our cultural heritage and the environment. The journal publishes research papers, news of recent landslide events and information on the activities of the International Consortium on Landslides.
- Landslide dynamics, mechanisms and processes
- Landslide risk evaluation: hazard assessment, hazard mapping, and vulnerability assessment
- Geological, Geotechnical, Hydrological and Geophysical modeling
- Effects of meteorological, hydrological and global climatic change factors
- Monitoring including remote sensing and other non-invasive systems
- New technology, expert and intelligent systems
- Application of GIS techniques
- Rock slides, rock falls, debris flows, earth flows, and lateral spreads
- Large-scale landslides, lahars and pyroclastic flows in volcanic zones
- Marine and reservoir related landslides
- Landslide related tsunamis and seiches
- Landslide disasters in urban areas and along critical infrastructure
- Landslides and natural resources
- Land development and land-use practices
- Landslide remedial measures / prevention works
- Temporal and spatial prediction of landslides
- Early warning and evacuation
- Global landslide database
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