The impact of Storm Alex on the Vievola catchment: a quantitative analysis of sediment volume and morphological changes in the Roya River tributaries

Abstract

This study investigates the sediment dynamics resulting from the extreme Storm Alex in October 2020 in the Roya Valley and its tributaries in the Alpes-Maritimes region, France. The storm, triggered by a low-pressure system, led to unprecedented rainfall, causing extensive flooding and erosion in the region. Despite limited pre-flood data, the study employs aerial and satellite imagery, digital elevation models, and field surveys to quantify sediment mobilization and its effects on the Viévola alluvial fan in the Roya Valley. The Roya Valley’s complex geomorphology, characterized by steep gradients, gullies, and torrential streams, played a significant role in sediment transport. The study reveals that the Dente and Rabay torrents were major sediment contributors, with gullies in these areas producing substantial erosion. Bank erosion in the Dente valley was particularly prominent, attributed to geological factors and glacial deposits. The analysis, relying on topographical comparisons and digital data, assesses sediment volumes eroded and deposited during the event. Despite challenges in data quality, the study offers valuable insights into sediment dynamics during extreme hydro-sedimentary events. The Viévola catchment area is a focal point, emphasizing the importance of scree and fluvio-glacial deposits as primary sources of sediment. The findings emphasize the need for improved pre-event data and monitoring in mountainous regions susceptible to extreme events. The study’s methodology, despite limitations, contributes to a better understanding of geomorphic responses to extreme events. Expanding similar studies to cover a wider range of catchment areas and incorporating field data offers potential for enhanced hazard assessment and management strategies. The research underscores the critical role of sediment transport in shaping landscapes and impacting human infrastructure during extreme flood events.