{"title":"Effect of Forced Swimming on the Performance of the “Water Escape Test”","authors":"M. A. Tur, I. V. Belozertseva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040318","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Housing conditions and prior life experiences are known to\naffect animal behavior and brain regions that regulate important\nneural and physiological functions, such as memory and stress responses. Stressors\nof low to moderate intensity can provide an enriched environment\nand promote cognitive functions. In contrast, exposures of excessive\nseverity and/or duration can lead to maladaptation and distress,\naltering cognitive functions. Such excessive stressors can thus\nbe used to model pathological conditions and test diverse therapeutic\napproaches. In this study, we addressed whether inescapable exposure\nof rats to aversive water environment of the “forced swim test”\nwould interfere with their cognitive performance on the subsequent\n“water escape” test. The data show that a single exposure to a 15-min\nforced swim session interferes significantly with the ability to\nescape the water environment. This is manifested by a significant\nincrease in the latency of diving under the cylinder and a reduction\nin the proportion of rats capable of completing the test task during\nthe initial session. Additionally, there is a lack of development\nin diving skills during repeated sessions at 15-minute intervals.\nThese negative effects can persist for at least 2 weeks. The use\nof the “forced swim” procedure prior to the “water escape” test\nmay, therefore, provide a novel experimental approach to modeling\nstress-induced cognitive dysfunctions and evaluating the effects\nof pharmacological agents with potential antidepressant and procognitive\nproperties.</p>","PeriodicalId":0,"journal":{"name":"","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040318","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Housing conditions and prior life experiences are known to
affect animal behavior and brain regions that regulate important
neural and physiological functions, such as memory and stress responses. Stressors
of low to moderate intensity can provide an enriched environment
and promote cognitive functions. In contrast, exposures of excessive
severity and/or duration can lead to maladaptation and distress,
altering cognitive functions. Such excessive stressors can thus
be used to model pathological conditions and test diverse therapeutic
approaches. In this study, we addressed whether inescapable exposure
of rats to aversive water environment of the “forced swim test”
would interfere with their cognitive performance on the subsequent
“water escape” test. The data show that a single exposure to a 15-min
forced swim session interferes significantly with the ability to
escape the water environment. This is manifested by a significant
increase in the latency of diving under the cylinder and a reduction
in the proportion of rats capable of completing the test task during
the initial session. Additionally, there is a lack of development
in diving skills during repeated sessions at 15-minute intervals.
These negative effects can persist for at least 2 weeks. The use
of the “forced swim” procedure prior to the “water escape” test
may, therefore, provide a novel experimental approach to modeling
stress-induced cognitive dysfunctions and evaluating the effects
of pharmacological agents with potential antidepressant and procognitive
properties.
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