Nanobiochar-Coating Regulates N and P Release from DAP Fertilizer in Soil and Improves Maize Crop Productivity

IF 3.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Ghulam Abbas Shah, Mughees Mustafa, Hani Z. Asfour, Khubra Shoukat, Ahsan Yasin, Nadeem Ali, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi, Gabrijel Ondrasek, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The crop phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency of commercial fertilizers is only 10–15%, leaving much P fixed in the soil. Coating fertilizer can lessen this problem, but most of the current available options are potentially toxic and expensive. This study-investigated nanobiochar as a coating material for engineering “smart” di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer that controls P and nitrogen (N) release in soil, ultimately enhancing nutrient utilization by maize. Biochar was produced from farmyard manure and ball-milled to obtain nanobiochar. Different nanobiochar concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w) were used to coat the DAP granules in a fluidized-bed coater. The release of N and P was studied after immersing both coated and uncoated DAP fertilizers in water. In a pot experiment, five treatments, i.e.i) control (C), ii) uncoated DAP (UF), iii) 2.5% nanobiochar-coated DAP (CUNB1), iv) 5% nanobiochar-coated DAP (CUNB2), and v) 10% nanobiochar-coated DAP (CUNB3) were introduced, after which maize was sown. The presence of a uniform nanobiochar coating on DAP was confirmed by the discrete carbon peaks observed through X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic analyses. In a laboratory study, the slowest release of N and P was observed for CUNB3. Remarkably, the application of CUNB1 substantially increased the microbial biomass carbon and N by 104% and 147%, respectively, while enhancing the plant-available P, N, and potassium (K) by 40%, 70%, and 46%, respectively, compared with those of C. This treatment increased maize shoot dry matter yield by 88%, accompanied by marked increases of 229%, 205%, and 67% in maize P, N, and K uptakes compared to C, respectively. However, other coating treatments failed to increase these parameters compared with those of UF, confirming that these coatings had the slowest nutrient availability for short-duration crops. The 2.5% nanobiochar concentration can be recommended for coating DAP fertilizer to reduce problems of P fixation and enhance P availability, crop growth and nutrients uptake, hence contributing to sustainable fertilizer management practices in agroecosystem.

Abstract Image

纳米生物炭包衣可调节土壤中磷酸二铵肥料的氮和磷释放并提高玉米产量
商用肥料对作物磷(P)的利用率仅为 10-15%,大量磷被固定在土壤中。肥料涂层可以减轻这一问题,但目前的大多数肥料涂层都具有潜在毒性,而且价格昂贵。这项研究将纳米生物炭作为一种涂层材料,用于制造 "智能 "磷酸二铵(DAP)肥料,以控制土壤中磷和氮的释放,最终提高玉米对养分的利用率。从农家肥中提取生物炭,并通过球磨获得纳米生物炭。在流化床包衣机中使用不同浓度(2.5%、5% 和 10% w/w)的纳米生物炭包衣磷酸二铵颗粒。将包覆和未包覆的磷酸二铵肥料浸入水中后,研究了氮和磷的释放情况。在盆栽实验中,引入了五种处理,即:i) 对照组 (C);ii) 未涂层的磷酸二铵 (UF);iii) 2.5% 纳米生物炭涂层磷酸二铵 (CUNB1);iv) 5% 纳米生物炭涂层磷酸二铵 (CUNB2);v) 10% 纳米生物炭涂层磷酸二铵 (CUNB3),然后播种玉米。通过 X 射线衍射和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析观察到的离散碳峰证实了 DAP 上存在均匀的纳米生物炭涂层。在实验室研究中,CUNB3 的氮和磷释放速度最慢。值得注意的是,与 C 相比,施用 CUNB1 使微生物生物量碳和氮分别大幅增加了 104% 和 147%,植物可利用的磷、氮和钾(K)分别提高了 40%、70% 和 46% 。然而,与 UF 相比,其他涂层处理未能提高这些参数,这证明这些涂层对短生育期作物的养分供应最慢。可建议将浓度为 2.5% 的纳米生物炭用于包覆磷酸二铵肥料,以减少 P 固定问题,提高 P 供应量、作物生长和养分吸收,从而促进农业生态系统中的可持续肥料管理实践。
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来源期刊
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.30%
发文量
331
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition is an international, peer reviewed journal devoted to publishing original research findings in the areas of soil science, plant nutrition, agriculture and environmental science. Soil sciences submissions may cover physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, mineralogy, ecology, pedology, soil classification and amelioration. Plant nutrition and agriculture submissions may include plant production, physiology and metabolism of plants, plant ecology, diversity and sustainability of agricultural systems, organic and inorganic fertilization in relation to their impact on yields, quality of plants and ecological systems, and agroecosystems studies. Submissions covering soil degradation, environmental pollution, nature conservation, and environmental protection are also welcome. The journal considers for publication original research articles, technical notes, short communication, and reviews (both voluntary and by invitation), and letters to the editor.
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