Functionalization Process for Commercial Viability: Oral Leukoplakia Detection Using IL-6 Biomarker

Abstract

Oral leukoplakia (OL) or white patched in the oral cavity poses a diagnostic challenge in oral health due to its white patches on the oral mucosa, affecting 1%-2% of the population, predominantly those over 40 years old. Despite being often benign, OL often precedes potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer, necessitating early detection and intervention. The search for novel biomarkers has intensified, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) emerging as a promising candidate. IL-6 detection levels in saliva offer a non-invasive approach, aiding an accurate risk assessment and treatment planning. Here, we introduce an IL-6-based biosensor for rapid concentration detection. A novel, hour-long functionalization method streamlines mass production, maintaining a low detection limit down to 10⁻¹⁵ g ml⁻¹, which is three order lower than current commercial ELISA kits, with a sensitivity around 18/dec. Utilizing a specially designed printed circuit board with double pulse technology ensures precise concentration results, with human sample tests confirming the biosensor’s efficacy in real-world applications. This innovation represents a significant advancement in early OL detection, enabling timely intervention to prevent its progression to more severe forms of oral cancer.