Exosomes and Macrophages: Bidirectional Mutual Regulation in the Treatment of Diabetic Complications

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS

Cellular and molecular bioengineering Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1007/s12195-024-00816-z

Xue Li, Lianrong Yang, Shujun Xu, Yuan Tian, Xin Meng

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Abstract

Purpose

The bidirectional regulation of macrophages and exosomes provides a meaningful research direction for the treatment of complications arising from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is currently no comprehensive evaluation of the bidirectional regulatory role of macrophages and exosomes in diabetic complications. In this review, we aim to provide the detailed process of the bidirectional regulation mechanism of macrophages and exosomes, and how macrophage-associated exosomes use this mechanism to make it better applied to clinical practice through biotechnology.

Methods

Therefore, we summarized the bidirectional regulation mechanism of macrophages and exosomes and the application based on the bidirectional regulation mechanism from two aspects of inflammation and insulin resistance.

Results

As key regulators of the immune system, macrophages are crucial in the progression of diabetic complications due to their significant impact on the regulation of cellular metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, exosomes, as innovative mediators of intercellular communication, transport miRNAs, proteins, and various bioactive molecules, influencing the occurrence and progression of diabetic complications through the regulation of inflammation and insulin resistance. The bidirectional regulation between macrophages and exosomes provides a promising pathway for the treatment of diabetic complications aimed at regulating the immune response and improving insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions

Understanding the complexity of the interaction between macrophages and exosomes can advance the treatment of diabetic complications and drug development, and bringing more innovative and effective treatment strategies for diabetic complications.

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外泌体和巨噬细胞：糖尿病并发症治疗中的双向相互调控

目的巨噬细胞和外泌体的双向调节为治疗 1 型和 2 型糖尿病并发症提供了一个有意义的研究方向。然而，目前还没有全面评估巨噬细胞和外泌体在糖尿病并发症中的双向调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们旨在提供巨噬细胞和外泌体双向调节机制的详细过程，以及巨噬细胞相关外泌体如何利用这一机制，通过生物技术使其更好地应用于临床实践。方法因此，我们从炎症和胰岛素抵抗两个方面总结了巨噬细胞和外泌体的双向调控机制以及基于双向调控机制的应用。结果作为免疫系统的关键调控因子，巨噬细胞对细胞代谢、炎症和胰岛素敏感性的调控具有重要影响，是糖尿病并发症进展的关键。此外，外泌体作为细胞间通信的创新介质，可运输 miRNA、蛋白质和各种生物活性分子，通过调节炎症和胰岛素抵抗影响糖尿病并发症的发生和发展。巨噬细胞与外泌体之间的双向调控为治疗糖尿病并发症提供了一条很有前景的途径，其目的是调节免疫反应和改善胰岛素敏感性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cellular and molecular bioengineering 生物-生物物理

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The field of cellular and molecular bioengineering seeks to understand, so that we may ultimately control, the mechanical, chemical, and electrical processes of the cell. A key challenge in improving human health is to understand how cellular behavior arises from molecular-level interactions. CMBE, an official journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, publishes original research and review papers in the following seven general areas: Molecular: DNA-protein/RNA-protein interactions, protein folding and function, protein-protein and receptor-ligand interactions, lipids, polysaccharides, molecular motors, and the biophysics of macromolecules that function as therapeutics or engineered matrices, for example. Cellular: Studies of how cells sense physicochemical events surrounding and within cells, and how cells transduce these events into biological responses. Specific cell processes of interest include cell growth, differentiation, migration, signal transduction, protein secretion and transport, gene expression and regulation, and cell-matrix interactions. Mechanobiology: The mechanical properties of cells and biomolecules, cellular/molecular force generation and adhesion, the response of cells to their mechanical microenvironment, and mechanotransduction in response to various physical forces such as fluid shear stress. Nanomedicine: The engineering of nanoparticles for advanced drug delivery and molecular imaging applications, with particular focus on the interaction of such particles with living cells. Also, the application of nanostructured materials to control the behavior of cells and biomolecules.