{"title":"Correlating sunspot numbers with Alfvén and Magnetosonic Mach number across last four solar cycles and prediction of solar cycle 25 with LSTM+model","authors":"Mu He , Hongbing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.041","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar activity dynamics are explored through an in-depth analysis of the interplay between sunspot numbers and critical magnetohydrodynamic parameters − specifically Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number − over the past four solar cycles (SC). Our investigation reveals a robust negative correlation between SSN and both Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number, shedding light on the intertwined nature of solar magnetic phenomena and magnetohydrodynamic processes. Significant temporal synchronicities are unveiled, elucidating compelling alignments between specific features of Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number and the peaks and troughs of SSN throughout the solar cycles. This temporal coherence underscores the complex interplay between solar magnetic activity and the broader dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, providing deeper insights into solar cycle behavior. To enhance our understanding and predictive capabilities, we deploy an optimized LSTM+model for forecasting Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number in the ongoing solar cycle, SC-25. Rigorous validation of the model’s accuracy is achieved through meticulous examination of prediction results for SC-24, affirming the reliability and robustness of our predictive framework. Furthermore, the anticipated timing of the first appearance to peak and the overall peak of SSN in SC-25 is calculated as 2 Jun. 2023 ± 34 days and 16 Jan. 2025 ± 27 days, respectively. Notably, these projections suggest the possibility of a double peak phenomenon in SC-25, characterized by comparable intensity levels around 160.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"74 10","pages":"Pages 5244-5251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advances in Space Research","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117724008603","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Solar activity dynamics are explored through an in-depth analysis of the interplay between sunspot numbers and critical magnetohydrodynamic parameters − specifically Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number − over the past four solar cycles (SC). Our investigation reveals a robust negative correlation between SSN and both Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number, shedding light on the intertwined nature of solar magnetic phenomena and magnetohydrodynamic processes. Significant temporal synchronicities are unveiled, elucidating compelling alignments between specific features of Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number and the peaks and troughs of SSN throughout the solar cycles. This temporal coherence underscores the complex interplay between solar magnetic activity and the broader dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, providing deeper insights into solar cycle behavior. To enhance our understanding and predictive capabilities, we deploy an optimized LSTM+model for forecasting Alfvén Mach number and Magnetosonic Mach number in the ongoing solar cycle, SC-25. Rigorous validation of the model’s accuracy is achieved through meticulous examination of prediction results for SC-24, affirming the reliability and robustness of our predictive framework. Furthermore, the anticipated timing of the first appearance to peak and the overall peak of SSN in SC-25 is calculated as 2 Jun. 2023 ± 34 days and 16 Jan. 2025 ± 27 days, respectively. Notably, these projections suggest the possibility of a double peak phenomenon in SC-25, characterized by comparable intensity levels around 160.
期刊介绍:
The COSPAR publication Advances in Space Research (ASR) is an open journal covering all areas of space research including: space studies of the Earth''s surface, meteorology, climate, the Earth-Moon system, planets and small bodies of the solar system, upper atmospheres, ionospheres and magnetospheres of the Earth and planets including reference atmospheres, space plasmas in the solar system, astrophysics from space, materials sciences in space, fundamental physics in space, space debris, space weather, Earth observations of space phenomena, etc.
NB: Please note that manuscripts related to life sciences as related to space are no more accepted for submission to Advances in Space Research. Such manuscripts should now be submitted to the new COSPAR Journal Life Sciences in Space Research (LSSR).
All submissions are reviewed by two scientists in the field. COSPAR is an interdisciplinary scientific organization concerned with the progress of space research on an international scale. Operating under the rules of ICSU, COSPAR ignores political considerations and considers all questions solely from the scientific viewpoint.