Impact of arteriovenous fistula aneurysms on a UK dialysis populations’ perception of vascular access

Abstract

Clinically-oriented outcome measures are increasingly being recognized as lacking in consideration of factors important to patients. There is an emerging move of guideline bodies advocating a more patient-centred approach. Aneurysms in autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can be considered unsightly and a constant reminder for patients of their dependence on dialysis. However, their impact on patient’s perception has not previously been reported. Between April 2017–18, the Vascular Access Questionnaire (VAQ) was administered to prevalent haemodialysis patients across ten dialysis units via structured interviews, as part of a quality improvement project. Data for the subgroup of patients with aneurysmal AVF (categorised as per classification by Valenti et al.), were retrospectively evaluated and compared to the wider cohort. Data were collected for 539 patients (median age: 66 years; 59% male), of whom 195 (36%) had aneurysmal AVF, with Type 2 morphology (cannulation site) being the most common (75%). Duration of AVF was found to be significantly associated with aneurysmal development, with estimated likelihoods of 11%, 43% and 61% after one, five and ten years, respectively. Interestingly, patients with diabetes had a significantly lower prevalence of aneurysmal development than those that were non-diabetic (25% vs. 43%, p < 0.001). Overall VAQ scores were not found to differ significantly by aneurysm status (p = 0.816) or across morphology types (p = 0.277). However, patients with aneurysmal AVF were significantly more concerned with the appearance of their AVF (p < 0.001) than the wider cohort. Despite this, patients with aneurysmal AVF gave significantly higher scores for satisfaction and ease of use and lower scores for bruising and clotting (p < 0.05). Aneurysmal AVF are often cited as an important factor by patients for not proceeding with fistula formation. In this evaluation of patient reported experiences, those with aneurysmal AVF reported high satisfaction levels. This may help clinicians highlight positive patient reported outcomes of aneurysmal AVF during preprocedural consent processes.