Public Health and Economic Impact of Periodic COVID-19 Vaccination with BNT162b2 for Old Adults and High-Risk Patients in an Illustrative Prefecture of Japan: A Budget Impact Analysis

IF 4.7 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Mitsuhiro Nagano, Kosuke Tanabe, Kazumasa Kamei, Sooyeol Lim, Honoka Nakamura, Shuhei Ito
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Abstract

Introduction

Japan will be transitioning from the free-of-charge COVID-19 vaccination program to annual periodic vaccination under a national immunization program for old adults and high-risk patients from 2024 fall/winter season. The policy transition including out-of-pocket payment requirement may discourage vaccination, leading to a lower vaccination rate. This study aimed to estimate the impact of varying vaccination rates with BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine on economics and public health in an illustrative prefecture which administers and promotes the periodic vaccination program, using budget impact analysis.

Methods

A combined cohort Markov decision tree model estimated the public health outcomes of COVID-19-related symptomatic cases, hospitalizations and deaths; and the economic outcomes including vaccine-related cost, non-vaccine-related medical cost, and productivity loss from the societal perspective. The base case examined the impact on the outcomes when vaccination coverage changed from the reference value of 50% to upper and lower values, respectively. Scenario analyses were performed based on multiple scenarios.

Results

Increase in the vaccination rate demonstrated improvement in all public health outcomes. At 50% vaccination, the vaccine-related cost for 3 years in a prefecture was estimated at JPY 7.58 billion (USD 57.67 million), the non-vaccine-related medical cost at JPY 79.22 billion (USD 602.48 million), the productivity loss at JPY 253.11 billion (USD 1.92 billion), and the total cost at JPY 339.92 billion (USD 2.59 billion). When the vaccination rate increased to 90%, the total cost decreased by JPY 4.88 billion (USD 37.11 million) (1.4%). When the vaccination rate decreased to 10%, the total cost increased by JPY 5.73 billion (USD 43.58 million) (1.7%). Results were consistent across almost all scenario analyses.

Conclusions

Maintaining a high vaccination rate with BNT162b2 is important from both public health and economic perspectives in Japan. The findings highlight to local governments the importance of continued effort to promote vaccination.

Abstract Image

在日本示例县为老年人和高危患者定期接种 BNT162b2 型 COVID-19 疫苗的公共卫生和经济影响:预算影响分析
导言日本将从 2024 年秋冬季开始,在国家免疫计划中将 COVID-19 疫苗接种从免费过渡到每年定期接种,接种对象为老年人和高危患者。包括自费支付要求在内的政策过渡可能会阻碍疫苗接种,导致接种率降低。本研究旨在通过预算影响分析,估算 BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗不同接种率对实施和推广定期疫苗接种计划的示例县的经济和公共卫生的影响。方法:联合队列马尔可夫决策树模型估算 COVID-19 相关症状病例、住院和死亡的公共卫生结果;从社会角度估算包括疫苗相关成本、非疫苗相关医疗成本和生产力损失在内的经济结果。基础案例研究了疫苗接种覆盖率从 50%的参考值分别变为上限和下限时对结果的影响。结果疫苗接种率的提高改善了所有公共卫生结果。接种率为 50%时,一个县 3 年与疫苗相关的成本估计为 75.8 亿日元(5 767 万美元),与疫苗无关的医疗成本为 792.2 亿日元(6.0248 亿美元),生产力损失为 2 531.1 亿日元(19.2 亿美元),总成本为 3 399.2 亿日元(25.9 亿美元)。当接种率提高到 90% 时,总成本减少了 48.8 亿日元(3,711 万美元)(1.4%)。当接种率降至 10%时,总成本增加了 57.3 亿日元(4358 万美元)(1.7%)。结论在日本,从公共卫生和经济角度来看,保持较高的 BNT162b2 疫苗接种率都非常重要。研究结果向地方政府强调了继续努力促进疫苗接种的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Infectious Diseases and Therapy
Infectious Diseases and Therapy Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
1.90%
发文量
136
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Infectious Diseases and Therapy is an international, open access, peer-reviewed, rapid publication journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality clinical (all phases), observational, real-world, and health outcomes research around the discovery, development, and use of infectious disease therapies and interventions, including vaccines and devices. Studies relating to diagnostic products and diagnosis, pharmacoeconomics, public health, epidemiology, quality of life, and patient care, management, and education are also encouraged. Areas of focus include, but are not limited to, bacterial and fungal infections, viral infections (including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis), parasitological diseases, tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, vaccinations and other interventions, and drug-resistance, chronic infections, epidemiology and tropical, emergent, pediatric, dermal and sexually-transmitted diseases.
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