A first glimpse into the biogeographic affinities of the shallow benthic communities from the sub-Antarctic Crozet archipelago

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Quentin Jossart, Yann Lelièvre, Andreas Kelch, Blanca Figuerola, Camille V. E. Moreau, Davide Di Franco, Jamie Maxwell, Marie L. Verheye, Melanie Mackenzie, Rachel Downey, Sebastián Rosenfeld, Stéphane Hourdez, Thomas Saucède
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sub-Antarctic islands are expected to show a high degree of endemicity due to their remoteness. However, biogeographic affinities in the sub-Antarctic remain poorly understood, especially in the marine realm. Sub-Antarctic islands being at the crossroads between Antarctic and cold temperate regions, biodiversity characterization and biogeographic analyses are a priority for monitoring and rapidly assessing variations associated with environmental changes. One underexplored sub-Antarctic area is Crozet, a protected archipelago located halfway between Antarctica and South Africa. In this study, we investigated the shallow-water Crozet macrofaunal diversity, distribution patterns and biogeographic affinities based on the examination of fieldwork specimens via a thorough morphological identification and a genetic characterisation. The resulting dataset provides an important baseline for further studies and conservation strategies, compiling the first genetic and taxonomic database for the Crozet archipelago. In total, 100 morphotypes were found, belonging to nine different phyla, among which arthropods (32), molluscs (18) and echinoderms (17) were the richest. Forty-seven morphotypes were identified to the species level, among which 20 were reported in Crozet for the first time. This confirms that Crozet is a poorly known region, even compared to other sub-Antarctic areas. A large proportion of species (62%) had circum Southern Ocean or circum sub-Antarctic distributions. These species were mostly shared with Kerguelen (72%), the Magellan Province (64%), and Prince Edward Islands (64%), confirming the patterns found in macroalgae and specific macrofaunal groups. However, this large-distribution statement needs to be counterbalanced by the detection (genetic data) of more restricted distributions than expected in four study cases (the tanaid Apseudes spectabilis, the nudibranch Doris kerguelenensis, the polychaete Neanthes kerguelensis and the chiton Hemiarthrum setulosum). Considering that most morphotypes had no genetic data available from other regions, the proportion of morphotypes with restricted distribution is likely to increase alongside future investigations. In addition, we also found a few cases of unrecognized diversity that might lead to the descriptions of new species, some likely to be endemic to Crozet (e.g., within the polychaete genus Harmothoe and the bryozoan genus Antarctothoa). Altogether, this stresses the need to maintain conservation efforts in Crozet and pursue integrative investigations in order to highlight and protect its unusual diversity.
亚南极克罗泽群岛浅层底栖生物群落生物地理亲缘关系初探
由于地处偏远,预计亚南极岛屿将呈现高度地方性。然而,人们对次南极地区的生物地理亲缘关系仍然知之甚少,尤其是在海洋领域。亚南极岛屿位于南极和寒温带地区的交汇处,生物多样性特征描述和生物地理分析是监测和快速评估与环境变化相关的变化的首要任务。位于南极洲和南非中间的克罗泽群岛是一个未得到充分探索的亚南极地区。在这项研究中,我们通过对野外工作标本进行彻底的形态鉴定和基因鉴定,调查了克罗泽浅水大型底栖生物的多样性、分布模式和生物地理亲缘关系。由此产生的数据集为进一步的研究和保护战略提供了一个重要的基准,为克罗泽群岛编制了第一个遗传和分类数据库。总共发现了 100 种形态,分属 9 个不同的门类,其中节肢动物(32 种)、软体动物(18 种)和棘皮动物(17 种)最为丰富。有 47 种形态被鉴定为物种级别,其中 20 种是首次在克罗泽报告。这证明克罗泽是一个鲜为人知的地区,即使与其他亚南极地区相比也是如此。很大一部分物种(62%)分布于环南大洋或环亚南极地区。这些物种大多与凯尔盖朗(72%)、麦哲伦省(64%)和爱德华王子群岛(64%)共享,证实了在大型藻类和特定大型底栖动物群中发现的模式。然而,在四个研究案例中发现(遗传数据)的分布比预期的更受限制(坦奈德 Apseudes spectabilis、裸鳃动物 Doris kerguelenensis、多毛类 Neanthes kerguelensis 和壳斗 Hemiarthrum setulosum),这就需要对这种大分布的说法进行反驳。考虑到大多数形态类型没有来自其他地区的遗传数据,分布受限的形态类型的比例可能会随着未来的调查而增加。此外,我们还发现了一些未被发现的多样性,这些多样性可能会导致新物种的描述,其中一些很可能是克罗泽特有的物种(例如,多毛类中的 Harmothoe 属和贝类中的 Antarctothoa 属)。总之,这强调了在克罗泽继续开展保护工作和进行综合调查的必要性,以彰显和保护其不同寻常的多样性。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1143
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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