Stabilization of nitrite in the presence of the nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU) in freshwater nitrification rate measurements

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 LIMNOLOGY
Jade Bosviel, Katharina Kitzinger, Michael Pester
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Abstract

Nitrification rate measurements provide critical information on the performance of an environmental process central to the N cycle and are best studied using isotope labeling techniques. However, combining the high sensitivity of isotope labeling techniques with selected inhibition of nitrifiers as a whole or of specific nitrifier guilds has not been established in limnology. This can be achieved with different concentrations of the commonly used nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU). In the 15N-ammonium oxidation technique, the converted isotope label is typically captured in an excess pool of 14N-nitrite. Here, we assessed how different storage conditions affect the stability of the nitrite pool in freshwater samples treated with ATU. When stored frozen, the nitrite pool was rapidly destabilized to 25–31% after 7 d of storage and even to less than 5% after storage exceeding 90 d for samples treated with ATU, thus making them unusable for rate determinations in these cost and labor-intensive experiments. In comparison, this was not the case in marine samples or freshwater samples not treated with ATU, where the nitrite pool remained stable. Building on these results, we tested two options to stabilize nitrite during the storage of freshwater samples. The nitrite pool was stable if samples were stored at 4°C instead of freezing. We recommend this option for short-term storage. For long-term storage, samples should be supplemented with 0.5 mmol L−1 NaCl to increase salinity before freezing. As in marine samples, this stabilized the nitrite pool. Our results provide important guidance for the storage of non-saline samples used for nitrification rate measurements in freshwater environments.

Abstract Image

在淡水硝化速率测量中,硝化抑制剂烯丙基硫脲(ATU)存在时亚硝酸盐的稳定性
硝化速率测量可提供有关氮循环核心环境过程性能的重要信息,最好使用同位素标记技术进行研究。然而,将同位素标记技术的高灵敏度与对整个硝化过程或特定硝化过程的选择性抑制相结合,在湖泊学中尚未得到证实。这可以通过不同浓度的常用硝化抑制剂烯丙基硫脲(ATU)来实现。在 15N- 氨氧化技术中,转换的同位素标签通常会被捕获到过量的 14N 亚硝酸盐池中。在此,我们评估了不同储存条件如何影响经 ATU 处理的淡水样本中亚硝酸盐池的稳定性。冷冻保存时,亚硝酸盐池在保存 7 天后迅速失稳至 25-31%,经 ATU 处理的样本在保存超过 90 天后甚至降至 5%以下,因此在这些成本和人力密集型实验中无法用于速率测定。相比之下,未经 ATU 处理的海洋样本或淡水样本的亚硝酸盐池保持稳定。在这些结果的基础上,我们测试了两种在淡水样本储存期间稳定亚硝酸盐的方案。如果将样本储存在 4°C 而不是冷冻环境中,亚硝酸盐池会保持稳定。我们建议将此方案用于短期储存。对于长期储存,样本应在冷冻前添加 0.5 mmol L-1 的氯化钠以提高盐度。与海洋样本一样,这样可以稳定亚硝酸盐池。我们的研究结果为淡水环境中用于测量硝化率的非盐水样本的储存提供了重要指导。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.70%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (ISSN 1541-5856) is a companion to ASLO''s top-rated journal Limnology and Oceanography, and articles are held to the same high standards. In order to provide the most rapid publication consistent with high standards, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods appears in electronic format only, and the entire submission and review system is online. Articles are posted as soon as they are accepted and formatted for publication. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods will consider manuscripts whose primary focus is methodological, and that deal with problems in the aquatic sciences. Manuscripts may present new measurement equipment, techniques for analyzing observations or samples, methods for understanding and interpreting information, analyses of metadata to examine the effectiveness of approaches, invited and contributed reviews and syntheses, and techniques for communicating and teaching in the aquatic sciences.
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