Spatiotemporal plasticity of prey selection in the wolf

IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
I. Belardi, J. Borkowski, L. Lazzeri, R. Banul, G. Pacini, A. Poerling, F. Ferretti
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Under an optimal foraging scenario, prey selection would be expected to occur when food resources are abundant. A positive frequency-dependent prey selection would elicit prey switching when the abundance of main food resources decreases, potentially favouring community resilience to the effects of intensive, selective predation on a single prey. We assessed whether a positive frequency-dependent prey selection by the wolf Canis lupus occurred in two areas hosting abundant populations of wild ungulates, one in northern (Słowiński National Park, Poland) and the other one in southern (Maremma Regional Park, Italy) Europe, throughout a cold semester. In Słowiński, ungulate community was dominated by red deer Cervus elaphus (57% availability) over wild boar Sus scrofa (35%) and roe deer Capreolus capreolus (8%); wild boar and fallow deer Dama dama (43–37%) were more abundant than roe deer (20%) in Maremma. In both areas, wolf diet was dominated by wild ungulates, with a major use of red deer in Słowiński and wild boar in Maremma. Prey selection occurred in both areas, and it was addressed towards the most abundant prey in Słowiński, that is, the red deer, but only towards the wild boar in Maremma, where the fallow deer was used according to availability. In Slowinski, high red deer density may have driven wolf prey selection, while the shifting of activity rhythms of the fallow deer in the Maremma as antipredator response to wolf presence may have reduced predation. Despite its comparable densities between the two areas, the wild boar was selected in Maremma and under-used in Słowiński. Results provide partial support to positive frequency-dependent selection, emphasising the spatiotemporal plasticity of wolf–prey relationships. The relative role of prey density and other factors (e.g., antipredator behavioural responses) should be assessed at longer temporal scales.

Abstract Image

狼选择猎物的时空可塑性
在最佳觅食情况下,当食物资源丰富时,预计会出现猎物选择。当主要食物资源的丰度下降时,正向的频率依赖性猎物选择会引起猎物的转换,这可能有利于群落抵御对单一猎物的密集、选择性捕食的影响。我们在欧洲北部(波兰斯沃文斯基国家公园)和南部(意大利马雷玛地区公园)两个野生蹄类动物种群丰富的地区评估了狼在整个寒冷季节是否会出现正向频率依赖性猎物选择。在斯沃文斯基,有蹄类动物群落以红鹿(57%)为主,野猪(35%)和狍子(8%)次之;在马雷马,野猪和秋鹿(43-37%)的数量多于狍子(20%)。在这两个地区,狼的食物都以野生有蹄类动物为主,斯沃文斯基地区以红鹿为主,马雷玛地区以野猪为主。这两个地区都有猎物选择,在斯沃金斯基,猎物选择以数量最多的红鹿为主,而在马雷马,猎物选择仅以野猪为主,在马雷马,猎物选择则以秋鹿为主。在斯沃文斯基,红鹿的高密度可能促使狼选择猎物,而在马雷玛,作为对狼的存在的反捕食反应,秋鹿活动节奏的改变可能减少了捕食。尽管两个地区的野猪密度相当,但在马雷玛,野猪被选中,而在斯沃文斯基,野猪则未被充分利用。研究结果部分支持了正向频率选择,强调了狼与猎物关系的时空可塑性。应在更长的时间尺度上评估猎物密度和其他因素(如反捕食者行为反应)的相对作用。
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来源期刊
Journal of Zoology
Journal of Zoology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
90
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Zoology publishes high-quality research papers that are original and are of broad interest. The Editors seek studies that are hypothesis-driven and interdisciplinary in nature. Papers on animal behaviour, ecology, physiology, anatomy, developmental biology, evolution, systematics, genetics and genomics will be considered; research that explores the interface between these disciplines is strongly encouraged. Studies dealing with geographically and/or taxonomically restricted topics should test general hypotheses, describe novel findings or have broad implications. The Journal of Zoology aims to maintain an effective but fair peer-review process that recognises research quality as a combination of the relevance, approach and execution of a research study.
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