{"title":"Scalable Double Crosstalk Canceling Digital Predistortion for MIMO Transmitters","authors":"Xiaofang Wu;Xiao Pan;Peng Sun;Jianyang Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TCSI.2024.3439580","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear distortion becomes more severe due to strong crosstalk between different transmitter branches in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays. A double crosstalk canceling (DCC) digital predistortion (DPD) algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity, nonlinear and linear crosstalk problems in MIMO transmitters. The algorithm includes two canceling modules to estimate and cancel the nonlinear and linear crosstalk respectively. We propose two different methods named iterative training (IT) and reference signal training (RST), to estimate the crosstalk coupling coefficients. Furthermore, we propose a scalable DCC single-input-single-output (SDCC-SISO) structure. The structure can easily generalize the proposed DCC DPD algorithm from \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2\\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n to larger scale MIMO. Simulated and measured results show that the DCC DPD algorithm outperforms other DPD algorithms at strong nonlinear and linear crosstalk levels for \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2\\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n MIMO case and its coefficients are reduced by nearly half or more compared with other algorithms. Furthermore, we conduct simulation experiments to test the performance of the SDCC-SISO DPD algorithm for the 3, 4, 5 and 10-branch MIMO cases. SDCC-SISO DPD always maintains good linearization performance and low complexity. Simulation results prove the excellent scalability of SDCC-SISO structure, which is difficult to be achieved by other DPD methods.","PeriodicalId":13039,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","volume":"71 12","pages":"6292-6305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10634549/","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nonlinear distortion becomes more severe due to strong crosstalk between different transmitter branches in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays. A double crosstalk canceling (DCC) digital predistortion (DPD) algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity, nonlinear and linear crosstalk problems in MIMO transmitters. The algorithm includes two canceling modules to estimate and cancel the nonlinear and linear crosstalk respectively. We propose two different methods named iterative training (IT) and reference signal training (RST), to estimate the crosstalk coupling coefficients. Furthermore, we propose a scalable DCC single-input-single-output (SDCC-SISO) structure. The structure can easily generalize the proposed DCC DPD algorithm from
$2\times 2$
to larger scale MIMO. Simulated and measured results show that the DCC DPD algorithm outperforms other DPD algorithms at strong nonlinear and linear crosstalk levels for
$2\times 2$
MIMO case and its coefficients are reduced by nearly half or more compared with other algorithms. Furthermore, we conduct simulation experiments to test the performance of the SDCC-SISO DPD algorithm for the 3, 4, 5 and 10-branch MIMO cases. SDCC-SISO DPD always maintains good linearization performance and low complexity. Simulation results prove the excellent scalability of SDCC-SISO structure, which is difficult to be achieved by other DPD methods.
期刊介绍:
TCAS I publishes regular papers in the field specified by the theory, analysis, design, and practical implementations of circuits, and the application of circuit techniques to systems and to signal processing. Included is the whole spectrum from basic scientific theory to industrial applications. The field of interest covered includes: - Circuits: Analog, Digital and Mixed Signal Circuits and Systems - Nonlinear Circuits and Systems, Integrated Sensors, MEMS and Systems on Chip, Nanoscale Circuits and Systems, Optoelectronic - Circuits and Systems, Power Electronics and Systems - Software for Analog-and-Logic Circuits and Systems - Control aspects of Circuits and Systems.