Thales Augusto Fagundes;Guilherme Henrique Favaro Fuzato;Lucas Jonys Ribeiro Silva;Augusto Matheus dos Santos Alonso;Juan C. Vasquez;Josep M. Guerrero;Ricardo Quadros Machado
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Microgrids (MGs) often integrate various energy sources to enhance system reliability, including intermittent methods, such as solar panels and wind turbines. Consequently, this integration contributes to a more resilient power distribution system. In addition, battery energy storage system (BESS) units are connected to MGs to offer grid-supporting services, such as peak shaving, load compensation, power factor quality, and operation during source failures. In this context, an energy management system (EMS) is necessary to incorporate BESS in MGs. Consequently, state-of-charge (SoC) equalization is a common approach to address EMS requirements and balance the internal load among BESS units in MG operation. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of EMS strategies for balancing SoC among BESS units, including centralized and decentralized control, multiagent systems, and other concepts, such as designing nonlinear strategies, optimal algorithms, and categorizing agents into clusters. Moreover, in this article, we discuss alternatives to improve EMS and strategies regarding the topology of power converters, including redundancy-based topology, modular multilevel converter, cascaded-based converter, and hybrid-type systems. In addition, this article explores optimization processes aimed at reducing operational costs while considering SoC equalization. Finally, second-life BESS units are explored as an emerging topic, focusing on their operation within specific power converters topologies to achieve SoC balance.
期刊介绍:
The IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society is dedicated to advancing information-intensive, knowledge-based automation, and digitalization, aiming to enhance various industrial and infrastructural ecosystems including energy, mobility, health, and home/building infrastructure. Encompassing a range of techniques leveraging data and information acquisition, analysis, manipulation, and distribution, the journal strives to achieve greater flexibility, efficiency, effectiveness, reliability, and security within digitalized and networked environments.
Our scope provides a platform for discourse and dissemination of the latest developments in numerous research and innovation areas. These include electrical components and systems, smart grids, industrial cyber-physical systems, motion control, robotics and mechatronics, sensors and actuators, factory and building communication and automation, industrial digitalization, flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing, assistant systems, industrial applications of artificial intelligence and data science, as well as the implementation of machine learning, artificial neural networks, and fuzzy logic. Additionally, we explore human factors in digitalized and networked ecosystems. Join us in exploring and shaping the future of industrial electronics and digitalization.