Bed Texture and Topographic Response to Increased Sediment Supply: The Sand Bed Case

IF 3.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Christina M. Leonard, Peter R. Wilcock
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Abstract

When water and sediment supply to a river change, the short-term channel response will be a combination of adjustments in bed grain size (texture) and the accumulation or evacuation of sediment in the channel (topography). This response is well documented for gravel bed rivers, but little attention has been given to sand bed rivers, the focus of this paper. If the channel response is predominantly textural, subsequent changes in channel geometry may be minor. If the channel response is predominately aggradation or degradation, long-term changes in channel dimension, planform, and slope may occur. Here, we use a mixed-size morphodynamic model to explore the interaction between the textural and topographic responses to an increase in sediment supply in sand bed rivers. First, we consider how the steady-state transport condition varies as a function of sediment supply rate and grain size. We then evaluate the path to steady-state using numerical morphodynamic experiments. We find that bed aggradation in response to an increase in sediment supply can be reduced, eliminated, or even reversed depending on the sediment supply grain size. The path to the new steady-state condition involves two adjustment phases: the first is textural-dominated, and the second is topography-dominated. Under the common condition of an increased supply of finer sediment, rapid textural adjustments can produce a transport capacity that is a large fraction of the new supply rate long before the system has reached complete equilibrium. Under conditions of supply coarsening, the initial textural adjustment is less dominant, and aggradation is immediate.

沙床纹理和地形对增加沉积物供应的响应:沙床案例
当河流的水量和泥沙供应量发生变化时,河道的短期反应将是河床颗粒大小(质地)的调整和河道中泥沙的堆积或疏散(地形)。对于砾石河床河流的这种反应,已有大量文献记载,但对于本文的重点--沙质河床河流,却很少有人关注。如果河道响应主要是纹理响应,那么随后河道几何形状的变化可能很小。如果河道响应主要是加剧或退化,河道尺寸、平面形态和坡度可能会发生长期变化。在此,我们使用一个混合大小的形态动力学模型来探讨沙床河流中泥沙供应量增加时纹理和地形响应之间的相互作用。首先,我们考虑了稳态输运条件如何随泥沙供给率和粒径的变化而变化。然后,我们利用数值形态动力学实验来评估通向稳态的路径。我们发现,根据泥沙供给粒径的不同,河床随泥沙供给量增加而发生的扩张可以减少、消除甚至逆转。通往新的稳态条件的路径包括两个调整阶段:第一个阶段以纹理为主,第二个阶段以地形为主。在较细沉积物供应量增加的常见条件下,快速的纹理调整可在系统达到完全平衡之前,产生相当于新供应量一大部分的输运能力。在供应量变粗的条件下,最初的纹理调整就不那么重要了,而且会立即发生沉积作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
10.30%
发文量
162
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