The effectiveness of phosphine fumigation of wheat in a farm-scale thermosyphon silo

IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
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Abstract

Fumigation of pests is essential for maintaining the quality of stored grain. Rapid and effective pest control is the key to minimise damage to the valuable grain. The current study investigated the efficiency of a farm-scale thermosyphon silo to passively circulate phosphine fumigant gas by measuring the phosphine concentrations at a series of points throughout the silo. A 50 tonne sealable grain silo with an external thermosyphon was fitted with gas sampling lines at three different levels in the grain body, and also in the headspace. The grain was fumigated with phosphine gas 12 times over a 12 month period to contrast the thermosyphon system efficiency under varied external environmental conditions. The minimum fumigation standards of 200 ppm for 10 days or 300 ppm for 7 days were reached and exceeded in all fumigation cycles throughout the year in 12.5–22 days, demonstrating the effectiveness of the thermosyphon system. In addition, the final fumigation was held until the phosphine concentration dropped to 200 ppm. The silo reached 200 ppm only four days after fumigation, reached a maximum of approximately 600 ppm after 30 days, and did not fall below 200 ppm until 106 days after fumigation. Linear air velocity in the was also measured in the thermosyphon pipe and showed that airflow could reach as high as 2.7 m/s, but flow was sporadic and not consistent, most likely due to pressure build up on the headspace of the silo due to resistance to airflow by the bulk grain body. Temperature and humidity results indicated that while both parameters are fundamental in the production of phosphine from aluminium phosphide tablets, they work against each other. This provides an effective control mechanism that prevents the rapid production of phosphine, thereby reducing the buildup of phosphine and reducing the risk of an explosion.

Abstract Image

用磷化氢熏蒸农场规模的热风筒仓中的小麦的效果
熏蒸杀虫对保持储藏谷物的质量至关重要。快速有效地控制害虫是将对珍贵谷物的损害降至最低的关键。目前的研究通过测量整个粮仓中一系列点的磷化氢浓度,调查了农场规模的热熏蒸粮仓被动循环磷化氢熏蒸气体的效率。一个 50 吨重的可密封粮仓配有一个外部热熏蒸器,在粮仓内三个不同的位置以及顶部空间都安装了气体采样管。在 12 个月的时间里,用磷化氢气体对谷物进行了 12 次熏蒸,以对比热虹吸系统在不同外部环境条件下的效率。在全年的所有熏蒸周期中,均在 12.5-22 天内达到或超过了 10 天 200 ppm 或 7 天 300 ppm 的最低熏蒸标准,证明了热熏蒸系统的有效性。此外,最后一次熏蒸一直持续到磷化氢浓度降至百万分之 200。熏蒸 4 天后,筒仓中的磷化氢浓度才达到 200 ppm,30 天后达到最大值约 600 ppm,直到熏蒸 106 天后才降至 200 ppm 以下。此外,还测量了热流管中的线性气流速度,结果表明气流速度可高达 2.7 米/秒,但气流时断时续,并不稳定,这很可能是由于散装谷物体对气流的阻力导致筒仓顶部空间压力增大所致。温度和湿度的结果表明,虽然这两个参数都是磷化铝片生产磷化氢的基本参数,但它们却相互影响。这提供了一种有效的控制机制,可防止磷化氢的快速生产,从而减少磷化氢的积聚,降低爆炸风险。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
18.50%
发文量
112
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Stored Products Research provides an international medium for the publication of both reviews and original results from laboratory and field studies on the preservation and safety of stored products, notably food stocks, covering storage-related problems from the producer through the supply chain to the consumer. Stored products are characterised by having relatively low moisture content and include raw and semi-processed foods, animal feedstuffs, and a range of other durable items, including materials such as clothing or museum artefacts.
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