Trauma Theory and Abuse, Neglect and Violence Across the Life Course.

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY
Patricia Brownell
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Abstract

A literature review of recent prevalence and prospective studies on interpersonal violence (IPV) identifies a link among child abuse, intimate partner violence, and elder abuse that had not emerged from life-stage-specific studies on abuse, neglect, and violence against older persons. In line with a developmental understanding of IPV from a life course perspective, early life trauma is emerging as an explanatory theory of IPV across the life course. This paradigm shift in the field of elder abuse challenges more traditional explanations of IPV in old age, such as ageism, but opens up new opportunities for interventions leading to prevention and treatment of abuse, neglect, and violence against older adults. Prevalence studies that include older subjects and questions about violence experienced as children and younger adults consistently identify child abuse as a risk factor for IPV experienced in old age. Similarly, prospective studies on IPV that follow subjects from childhood to old age identify lifetime patterns of abuse. Qualitative studies of IPV in old age that include retrospective data suggest a link as well. IPV perpetrated against children and adults of all ages by persons in positions of trust can lead to trauma that has adverse lifelong behavioral and relational implications. This provides a link between trauma theory and violence against older people. Until recently, abuse, neglect, and violence were conceptualized differently based on the life stage of the victim. While historically the definitions for partner and non-partner violence diverged based on the life stage of victims, more recently this has begun to converge. Understanding violence from a life course and trauma-informed perspective better identifies risk factors and interventions for IPV against older adults. Intersectionality of age and gender variables demonstrate differences and similarities among populations studied.
创伤理论与生命历程中的虐待、忽视和暴力。
通过对近期有关人际暴力(IPV)的流行情况和前瞻性研究的文献回顾,我们发现虐待儿童、亲密伴侣暴力和虐待老人之间存在着一种联系,而这种联系并没有出现在针对老年人的虐待、忽视和暴力的生命阶段性研究中。根据从生命历程角度对 IPV 的发展性理解,早期的生命创伤正在成为整个生命历程中 IPV 的解释理论。虐老领域的这一范式转变对老年 IPV 的传统解释(如年龄歧视)提出了挑战,但也为预防和治疗针对老年人的虐待、忽视和暴力行为的干预措施提供了新的机遇。包括老年受试者在内的流行病学研究,以及关于儿童和年轻成年人遭受暴力的问题,都一致认为虐待儿童是老年人遭受 IPV 的风险因素。同样,对受试者从童年到老年的 IPV 的前瞻性研究也发现了终生虐待的模式。对老年 IPV 的定性研究包括回顾性数据,这些研究也表明了其中的联系。处于信任地位的人对各年龄段的儿童和成人实施的 IPV 可能会导致创伤,对终生的行为和关系产生不利影响。这为创伤理论和针对老年人的暴力行为提供了联系。直到最近,虐待、忽视和暴力还根据受害者所处的人生阶段而被赋予不同的概念。从历史上看,伴侣暴力和非伴侣暴力的定义因受害者所处的生命阶段而有所不同,但最近已开始趋于一致。从生命历程和创伤认知的角度来理解暴力,可以更好地确定针对老年人的 IPV 的风险因素和干预措施。年龄和性别变量的交叉性显示了所研究人群的异同。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
12.00%
发文量
375
期刊介绍: The Journal of Interpersonal Violence is devoted to the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of interpersonal violence. It provides a forum of discussion of the concerns and activities of professionals and researchers working in domestic violence, child sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault, physical child abuse, and violent crime. With its dual focus on victims and victimizers, the journal will publish material that addresses the causes, effects, treatment, and prevention of all types of violence. JIV only publishes reports on individual studies in which the scientific method is applied to the study of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Research may use qualitative or quantitative methods. JIV does not publish reviews of research, individual case studies, or the conceptual analysis of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Outcome data for program or intervention evaluations must include a comparison or control group.
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