Mesopredators have differing influences on prey habitat use and diel activity in a multipredator landscape

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70006
Gabriela Palomo-Munoz, Mason Fidino, Ty J. Werdel, Colleen W. Piper, Travis Gallo, Matthew S. Peek, Andrew M. Ricketts, Adam A. Ahlers
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Abstract

Resource distribution, habitat structure, and predators greatly influence spatial and temporal landscape use by prey species. The “risky places” hypothesis establishes prey will proactively respond to predators' presence based on habitat cues, whereas the “risky times” hypothesis predicts prey will reactively respond by increasing vigilance in the presence of predators regardless of habitat cues. We fit a multiscale, Bayesian species interaction occupancy model with detection/non-detection data to evaluate black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) and eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) habitat use in the presence and absence of coyotes (Canis latrans), American badgers (Taxidea taxus), and swift foxes (Vulpes velox). We also evaluated how species-specific predator presence modified temporal activity patterns of prey. Jackrabbits decreased habitat use in areas with greater forage and opted to use areas with greater visibility when coyotes or swift foxes were present. However, cottontails used habitat in open areas with greater visibility when American badgers were present and all other predators absent, suggesting dissimilar habitat-use patterns dictated by predator-specific risks. Both lagomorph species are nocturnal with segregated peaks of activity compared with predators, suggesting fine-scale temporal use partitioning. Our results provide insights into predator–prey dynamics across heterogenous landscapes in a multi-predator system.

Abstract Image

在多食肉动物景观中,中食肉动物对猎物栖息地利用和昼夜活动的影响各不相同
资源分布、栖息地结构和捕食者在很大程度上影响着猎物物种对景观的时空利用。风险地点 "假说认为,猎物会根据栖息地线索对捕食者的存在做出主动反应,而 "风险时间 "假说则预测,无论栖息地线索如何,猎物都会在捕食者存在时做出反应,提高警惕。我们利用探测/未探测数据拟合了一个多尺度贝叶斯物种相互作用占据模型,以评估黑尾杰克兔(Lepus californicus)和东部棉尾兔(Sylvilagus floridanus)在郊狼(Canis latrans)、美洲獾(Taxidea taxus)和燕狐(Vulpes velox)存在和不存在的情况下对栖息地的利用。我们还评估了特定物种捕食者的存在如何改变猎物的时间活动模式。当郊狼或迅狐出现时,山兔减少了对饲料较多区域的栖息地使用,并选择使用能见度较高的区域。然而,当美洲獾存在而其他捕食者不存在时,棉尾鼠则会使用能见度较高的开阔区域的栖息地,这表明捕食者特有的风险决定了不同的栖息地使用模式。与捕食者相比,两种长尾鼬都是夜行性动物,其活动高峰相互分离,这表明捕食者与长尾鼬之间存在精细的时间分区。我们的研究结果提供了对多食肉动物系统中异质景观中食肉动物-猎物动态的见解。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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