The crosstalk interaction of ethylene, gibberellins, and arbuscular mycorrhiza improves growth in salinized tomato plants by modulating the hormonal balance
Mouna Khalloufi , Cristina Martínez-Andújar , Najoua Karray-Bouraouib , Francisco Pérez-Alfocea , Alfonso Albacete
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ethylene (ET) and gibberellins (GAs) play key roles in controlling the biotic and abiotic interactions between plants and environment. To gain insights about the role of ET and GAs interactions in the mycorrization and response to salinity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants, the ET-insensitive (Never-ripe, Nr), and the ET-overproducer (Epinastic, Epi) mutants and their wild type cv. Micro-Tom (MT), were inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis and exposed to control (0 mM NaCl) and salinity (100 mM NaCl) conditions, with and without gibberellic acid (10−6 M GA3) application during four weeks. Exogenous GA3 enhanced plant growth irrespective of the genotype, AMF, and salinity conditions, while an additional effect on growth by AMF was only found in the ET-overproducer (Epi) mutant under control and salinity conditions. Epi almost doubled the AMF colonization level under both conditions but was the most affected by salinity and GA3 application compared to MT and Nr. In contrast, Nr registered the lowest AMF colonization level, but GA3 produced a positive effect, particularly under salinity, with the highest leaf growth recovery. Foliar GA3 application increased the endogenous concentration of GA1, GA3, and total GAs, more intensively in AMF-Epi plants, where induced levels of the ET-precursor ACC were also found. Interestingly, GA4 which is associated with AMF colonization, registered the strongest genotype x GA x AMF × salinity interactions. The different growth responses in relation to those interactions are discussed.
乙烯(ET)和赤霉素(GAs)在控制植物与环境之间的生物和非生物相互作用中起着关键作用。为了深入了解 ET 和 GAs 的相互作用在番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)植株霉变和对盐度反应中的作用,将对 ET 不敏感的突变体(Never-ripe,Nr)和对 ET 过量产生的突变体(Epinastic,Epi)及其野生型 cv.在对照(0 mM NaCl)和盐度(100 mM NaCl)条件下,接种或不接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)Rhizophagus irregularis,并在四周内施用或不施用赤霉素(10-6 M GA3)。无论基因型、AMF 和盐度条件如何,外源 GA3 都能促进植物生长,而只有在 ET 过量产生突变体(Epi)在对照和盐度条件下,AMF 对生长有额外影响。在两种条件下,Epi 的 AMF 定殖水平几乎都翻了一番,但与 MT 和 Nr 相比,Epi 受盐度和 GA3 施用的影响最大。相比之下,Nr的AMF定殖水平最低,但GA3产生了积极的影响,尤其是在盐度条件下,叶片生长恢复最快。叶面喷施 GA3 提高了 GA1、GA3 和总 GAs 的内源浓度,在 AMF-Epi 植物中更为明显,同时还发现诱导了 ET 前体 ACC 的水平。有趣的是,与 AMF 定殖有关的 GA4 与基因型 x GA x AMF × 盐度的相互作用最强。本文讨论了与这些相互作用相关的不同生长反应。
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Plant Physiology is a broad-spectrum journal that welcomes high-quality submissions in all major areas of plant physiology, including plant biochemistry, functional biotechnology, computational and synthetic plant biology, growth and development, photosynthesis and respiration, transport and translocation, plant-microbe interactions, biotic and abiotic stress. Studies are welcome at all levels of integration ranging from molecules and cells to organisms and their environments and are expected to use state-of-the-art methodologies. Pure gene expression studies are not within the focus of our journal. To be considered for publication, papers must significantly contribute to the mechanistic understanding of physiological processes, and not be merely descriptive, or confirmatory of previous results. We encourage the submission of papers that explore the physiology of non-model as well as accepted model species and those that bridge basic and applied research. For instance, studies on agricultural plants that show new physiological mechanisms to improve agricultural efficiency are welcome. Studies performed under uncontrolled situations (e.g. field conditions) not providing mechanistic insight will not be considered for publication.
The Journal of Plant Physiology publishes several types of articles: Original Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives Articles, and Short Communications. Reviews and Perspectives will be solicited by the Editors; unsolicited reviews are also welcome but only from authors with a strong track record in the field of the review. Original research papers comprise the majority of published contributions.