Climatic controls of fire activity in the red pine forests of eastern North America

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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Abstract

Large-scale modes of climate variability influence forest fire activity and may modulate the future patterns of natural disturbances. We studied the effects of long-term changes in climate upon the fire regime in the red pine forests of eastern North America using (a) a network of sites with dendrochronological reconstructions of fire histories over 1700–1900 A.D., (b) reconstructed chronologies of climate indices (1700–1900), and (c) 20th century observational records of climate indices, local surface climate and fire (1950s-2021). We hypothesized that (H1) there are states of atmospheric circulation that are consistently associated with increased fire activity, (H2) these states mark periods of increased climatological fire hazard, and (H3) the observed decline in fire activity in the 20th century is associated with a long-term decline in the frequency of fire-prone states.

At the annual scale, years with significantly higher fire activity in the reconstructed and modern fire records were consistently associated with the positive phases of the Pacific North American pattern (PNA), either independently or in combination with the positive phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation index (ENSO). During years with both ENSO and PNA in their positive state, the region experienced positive mid-tropospheric heights and temperature anomalies resulting in drought conditions. The fire-prone climate states identified in the reconstructed records became less frequent in 1850 but re-emerged in the 20th century. While our study did not demonstrate a direct influence of climate on the observed decrease in fire activity in the 20th century, it does reveal a clear climate signal embedded within the fire history reconstruction of the region over the past centuries. This study underscores the importance of considering large-scale climatic patterns in understanding historical fire regimes and highlights their role for future fire dynamics in the region and shaping ecological effects of future fires.

北美东部红松林火灾活动的气候控制因素
大尺度的气候变异模式会影响森林火灾活动,并可能调节未来的自然扰动模式。我们利用(a)公元 1700-1900 年火灾历史的树枝年代学重建站点网络,(b)气候指数年代学重建(1700-1900 年),以及(c)20 世纪气候指数、当地地表气候和火灾的观测记录(1950-2021 年),研究了气候长期变化对北美东部红松林火灾机制的影响。我们假设:(H1)大气环流的某些状态一直与火灾活动的增加有关;(H2)这些状态标志着气候火灾危险的增加时期;(H3)观测到的 20 世纪火灾活动的减少与火灾易发状态频率的长期下降有关。在年度尺度上,重建的火灾记录和现代火灾记录中火灾活动显著增加的年份始终与北美太平洋模式(PNA)的正相有关,无论是单独出现还是与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动指数(ENSO)的正相共同出现。在厄尔尼诺/南方涛动指数和北美太平洋涛动指数均为正相的年份,该地区的中对流层高度和温度异常均为正相,从而导致干旱。重建记录中发现的火灾易发气候状态在 1850 年变得不那么频繁,但在 20 世纪再次出现。虽然我们的研究没有证明气候对所观测到的 20 世纪火灾活动减少有直接影响,但它确实揭示了该地区过去几个世纪火灾历史重建中蕴含的明显气候信号。这项研究强调了在理解历史火灾机制时考虑大尺度气候模式的重要性,并突出了它们对该地区未来火灾动态的作用以及对未来火灾生态效应的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
9.70%
发文量
415
审稿时长
69 days
期刊介绍: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology is an international journal for the publication of original articles and reviews on the inter-relationship between meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Emphasis is on basic and applied scientific research relevant to practical problems in the field of plant and soil sciences, ecology and biogeochemistry as affected by weather as well as climate variability and change. Theoretical models should be tested against experimental data. Articles must appeal to an international audience. Special issues devoted to single topics are also published. Typical topics include canopy micrometeorology (e.g. canopy radiation transfer, turbulence near the ground, evapotranspiration, energy balance, fluxes of trace gases), micrometeorological instrumentation (e.g., sensors for trace gases, flux measurement instruments, radiation measurement techniques), aerobiology (e.g. the dispersion of pollen, spores, insects and pesticides), biometeorology (e.g. the effect of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield, water-use efficiency, and plant phenology), forest-fire/weather interactions, and feedbacks from vegetation to weather and the climate system.
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