Integrated farming optimization ensures high-yield crop production with decreased nitrogen leaching and improved soil fertility: The findings from a 12-year experimental study

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Context or problem

Sustainable farming practices, including precision fertilization, water-saving irrigation and recycling of organic materials, have been implemented worldwide in recent decades to achieve high crop yields and minimize nonpoint source pollution. However, the comprehensive impacts of these agricultural practices have seldom been systematically evaluated in field production. As agricultural intensification started in the 1980s, most previous studies focused on a single practice in the context of low land productivity.

Objective or research question

The objective of this research is to investigate and evaluate how holistic farming practices affect both crop production and environmental quality.

Methods

We reported findings from a 12-year experiment (2008–2020) in the highly intensive North China Plain (NCP) farming region, and conventional and optimized farming measures were compared. Three field treatments with annual double cropping (winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.)) were chosen in the study, i.e., control without nitrogen (N) application (CK), farmers’ conventional practices (CON), and optimized practices (OPT), were chosen for this study.

Results

Compared with the CON treatment, OPT reduced N fertilizer input by 41.4 % and irrigation water by 27.1 % but produced similar grain yields; OPT increased the N recovery efficiency (REN) and N utilization efficiency (NUT2E) by 90.4 % and 53.0 %, respectively; these values were much greater than the increases in REN (+56.1 %) and NUT2E (+25.5 %) when soil N change was not considered. Similarly, compared with those in the CON treatment, the soil N stock (0–60 cm) in the OPT treatment increased by 8.4 %, and the N loss via leaching, ammonia volatilization and N2O + NO + N2 decreased by 47.1 %, 11.4 % and 28.6 %, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that the integration of optimized practices of organic material recycling, precision fertilization and water-saving irrigation substantially reduced N losses, mainly through decreased N leaching, but maintained fertilizer N in the root-zone soil layer, which is important for a sustainable and high-yield crop production.

Implications or significances

The dissemination of these optimized practices to other regions in China and beyond will be highly important for achieving the dual goals of food security and environmental protection.

综合耕作优化确保了作物的高产,同时减少了氮的沥滤,提高了土壤肥力:为期 12 年的实验研究结果
背景或问题近几十年来,全世界都在实施可持续耕作方法,包括精准施肥、节水灌溉和有机物回收利用,以实现作物高产并最大限度地减少非点源污染。然而,这些农业实践的综合影响却很少在田间生产中得到系统评估。由于农业集约化始于 20 世纪 80 年代,之前的大多数研究都集中在低土地生产率背景下的单一耕作实践上。方法我们报告了在高度集约化的华北平原(NCP)农业地区进行的一项为期 12 年(2008-2020 年)的实验结果,并对常规耕作措施和优化耕作措施进行了比较。研究选择了三种一年两作(冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)和夏玉米(Zea mays L.))的田间处理,即结果与 CON 处理相比,OPT 减少了 41.4 % 的氮肥投入和 27.结果与对照处理相比,OPT 减少了 41.4 % 的氮肥投入和 27.1 % 的灌溉用水,但产生了相似的谷物产量;OPT 提高了氮回收效率(REN)和氮利用效率(NUT2E),分别提高了 90.4 % 和 53.0 %;这些数值远远高于不考虑土壤氮变化时 REN(+56.1 %)和 NUT2E(+25.5 %)的提高幅度。同样,与 CON 处理相比,OPT 处理的土壤氮储量(0-60 厘米)增加了 8.4%,通过淋溶、氨挥发和 N2O + NO + N2 损失的氮分别减少了 47.1%、11.4% 和 28.6%。结论我们的研究表明,将有机物料循环利用、精准施肥和节水灌溉等优化措施结合起来,可大幅减少氮的损失,主要是通过减少氮的淋失,但保持了根区土壤层中的肥料氮,这对作物的可持续高产生产非常重要。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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